The combined use of salivary biomarkers and clinical parameters to predict the outcome of scaling and root planing: A cohort study

Abstract

Aim: To explore the application of the combined use of baseline salivary biomarkers and clinical parameters in predicting the outcome of scaling and root planing (SRP). Materials and methods: Forty patients with advanced periodontitis were included. Baseline saliva samples were analysed for interleukin-1β (IL-1β), matrix metalloproteinase-8 and the loads of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Tannerella forsythia. After SRP, pocket closure and further attachment loss at 6 months post-treatment were chosen as outcome variables. Models to predict the outcomes were established by generalized estimating equations. Results: The combined use of baseline clinical attachment level (CAL), site location and IL-1β (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.764) better predicted pocket closure than probing depth (AUC = 0.672), CAL (AUC = 0.679), site location (AUC = 0.654) or IL-1β (AUC = 0.579) alone. The combination of site location, tooth loss, percentage of deep pockets, detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans and T. forsythia load (AUC = 0.842) better predicted further clinical attachment loss than site location (AUC = 0.715), tooth loss (AUC = 0.530), percentage of deep pockets (AUC = 0.659) or T. forsythia load (AUC = 0.647) alone. Conclusion: The combination of baseline salivary biomarkers and clinical parameters better predicted SRP outcomes than each alone. The current study indicates the possible usefulness of salivary biomarkers in addition to tooth-related parameters in predicting SRP outcomes.

Antibody response to BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in gingival crevicular fluid

“…Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected using the spitting method as described previously 35–38 . The participants expectorated the saliva into a sterile 50 mL falcon tube for 1 min.…”

“…Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected using the spitting method as described previously. [35][36][37][38] The participants expectorated the saliva into a sterile 50 mL falcon tube for 1 min. The samples of whole saliva were kept immediately on ice, and then aliquots were stored at −80 • C until used for ELISA.…”

Oral microbiota in human systematic diseases

“…After the treatment of periodontitis, C-reactive protein, which is an indicator of the improvement of the systemic inflammatory state, was significantly reduced in the patient’s serum, and some other serum inflammatory factors were also significantly reduced. 139 , 140 Therefore, the state of periodontal inflammation is directly related to the inflammatory factors in the serum. The gingival epithelium in the periodontal pockets of patients with periodontitis is prone to breakage, which helps bacteria to enter the systemic circulatory system, leading to bacteremia, or ectopic colonization in other organs in the body.…”

“…For example, the excessive response of mononuclear macrophages to periodontal bacteria can lead to the local production of high concentrations of IL-1 β, IL-6, and TNF-α in periodontitis. 140 , 166 These cytokines can enter the circulatory system and affect multiple system tissues and blood vessels throughout the body. The endotoxin of P. gingivalis binds to the CD14 molecules on the surface of macrophages to activate the TLR2/4 signaling pathway.…”

Efficacy of MMP-8 Level in Gingival Crevicular Fluid to Predict the Outcome of Nonsurgical Periodontal Treatment: A Systematic Review

“…The following supporting information can be downloaded at ; Supplementary Table S1: Reasons for exclusion after abstract review. References [ 20 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 ] have been cited in the Supplementary Materials.…”