The combined effects of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) TaqIB gene polymorphism and canola, sesame and sesame-canola oils consumption on metabolic response in patients with diabetes and healthy people

Abstract

Introduction: Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is a key regulating enzyme in the lipid metabolism pathway, and its gene polymorphism may be a candidate for modulating the metabolic responses to dietary intervention. We thus examined whether the effects of the CETP TaqIB polymorphism on metabolic profiles were modified by dietary plant oils. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of data collected during a randomized triple-blind cross over trial. A total of 95 patients with type 2 diabetes and 73 non-diabetes individuals completed a 9-weekof the intake of sesame, canola and sesame-canola oils. Blood samples were collected at the beginning and at the end of each intervention period for biochemical analysis. Genotyping was done using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Results: In diabetes patients, B1B1 homozygotes of the CETP TaqIB polymorphism compared with B2 carriers (B1B2 + B2B2) had significantly lower diastolic blood pressure, apoB and apoB: apoA-1,and higher Lp(a) after the intake of sesame-canola oil, as well as lower insulin and HOMA-IR after the intake of sesame oil. There was also a significant effect of genotype on adjusted changes of apoB, apoB: apoA-1, insulin, HOMA-IR and QUICKI. A significant genotype-dietary oils combined effects were observed for diastolic blood pressure, and LDL: HDL, TC: HDL and TG: HDL ratios in diabetes patients. No independent or combined effects of dietary oils and genotypes on outcomes were found in healthy people. Conclusion: There was a modulatory effect of the CETP TaqIB polymorphism on some metabolic traits in response to plant oils in patients with diabetes. Taken together, the intake of sesame-canola and canola oils showed more favorable effects in diabetes patients with B1B1 genotype. Future investigations are needed to confirm these results.

A Nutrigenetic Update on CETP Gene–Diet Interactions on Lipid-Related Outcomes

“…It was observed that intake of olive oil-enriched skim milk resulted in a larger increase in HDL and a decrease in LDL:HDL ratio in participants with 'B1B1' genotype compared to those carrying the 'B2' allele (mean change in HDL (mmol/l) (95% confidence interval): 0.179 (0.096 to 0.262) for 'B1B1' vs 0.089 (0.032 to 0.146) for carriers of 'B2', P interaction < 0.0010; mean change in LDL:HDL ratio (mmol/l) (95% confidence interval): −0.470 (−0.729 to 0.211) for 'B1B1' vs −0.097 (−0.275 to 0.081) for carriers of 'B2', P interaction < 0.0010). While these studies show that individuals with the 'B1B1' genotype could benefit from consuming these diets, the interactions were reported only in those with either T2D [61] or hypercholesterolemia [43,62] indicating that these results may not apply to healthy participants and hence, this limits the wider application of the findings.…”

“…Statistically significant interactions between carriers of the 'B1' allele and dietary factors were reported by three dietary intervention studies [43,61,62]. In a randomised triple-blind crossover trial performed in 95 Iranian patients with T2D and 73 healthy controls using three diets: sesame oil, canola oil and sesame-canola oil [61], it was demonstrated that, in the T2D group, those with 'B1B1' genotype had a significant reduction in lipid ratios after consuming sesame oil and sesame-canola oil (change in LDL:HDL (mg/ dl): −1.29, P interaction = 0.0270; change in TC:HDL (mg/dl): −2.82, P interaction = 0.0240; and change in TG:HDL (mg/ dl): −7.00, P interaction = 0.0250) but there were no reports of significant reductions in lipid ratios in participants carrying the 'B2' allele.…”

“…Statistically significant interactions between carriers of the 'B1' allele and dietary factors were reported by three dietary intervention studies [43,61,62]. In a randomised triple-blind crossover trial performed in 95 Iranian patients with T2D and 73 healthy controls using three diets: sesame oil, canola oil and sesame-canola oil [61], it was demonstrated that, in the T2D group, those with 'B1B1' genotype had a significant reduction in lipid ratios after consuming sesame oil and sesame-canola oil (change in LDL:HDL (mg/ dl): −1.29, P interaction = 0.0270; change in TC:HDL (mg/dl): −2.82, P interaction = 0.0240; and change in TG:HDL (mg/ dl): −7.00, P interaction = 0.0250) but there were no reports of significant reductions in lipid ratios in participants carrying the 'B2' allele. Another randomised controlled trial (RCT) performed in 85 New Zealander men with hypercholesterolemia, involving a 4-week healthy diet vs healthy diet plus two kiwi fruits per day [62], also showed that, among participants with 'B1B1' genotype, consumption of kiwi fruit resulted in lower TG:HDL ratio than the control diet (mean change in TG:HDL (mmol/l): −0.14 ± 0.51 for kiwifruit vs 0.09 ± 0.56 for control diet, P = 0.03; P interaction < 0.05), while in individuals carrying the 'B2' allele, the interaction was not observed.…”

Effects of sesame, canola and sesame‐canola oils on body weight and composition in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, triple‐blind, cross‐over clinical trial

“…29 The results of our parent project 30 on other health-related aspects have been reported elsewhere. 29,[31][32][33] Because the metabolic responses to dietary interventions may differ between healthy individuals and those with chronic diseases, we examined the effects of dietary CO, SO and SCO on body weight and composition, which were assessed as secondary outcomes in a large controlled clinical trial conducted in patients with T2DM. In addition, although sex-specific effects are well acknowledged in some area of research, 34 they are not sufficiently elucidated in nutrition research studies.…”

The effect of sesame, canola, and sesame‐canola oils on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight adults: a three‐way randomized triple‐blind crossover clinical trial

“…Although, it is reported that MUFAs beneficially affect Apo A‐1, but no significant effect of CO on this marker was indicated (Negele et al, 2015). It should be noted that some genetic polymorphisms might interact with dietary oils in their effect on cardiometabolic markers (Ramezani‐Jolfaie et al, 2020a; Ramezani‐Jolfaie et al, 2020b).…”