The combined effect of very low nicotine content cigarettes, used as an adjunct to usual Quitline care (nicotine replacement therapy and behavioural support), on smoking cessation: a randomized controlled trial

Walker, Natalie; Howe, Colin; Bullen, Chris; Grigg, Michele; Glover, Marewa; McRobbie, Hayden; Laugesen, Murray; Parag, Varsha; Whittaker, Robyn

doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03906.x

Cited by 71 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Furthermore, use of VLNC cigarettes prior to making a quit attempt has been shown to decrease the likelihood of relapse relative to use of control cigarettes9 with mixed evidence as to whether VLNC cigarettes facilitate abstinence over and above nicotine replacement therapy 10 11. Finally, ex-smokers who recently quit are less likely to relapse if they use VLNC cigarettes when they experience a strong urge to smoke 12. It is worth noting that in each of the cessation studies, participants were attempting to refrain from smoking their usual brand cigarettes that contain much higher levels of nicotine.…”

Section: Evidence-based Potential Benefits Of Reducing Nicotine In CImentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing the nicotine content of combusted tobacco products sold in New Zealand

et al. 2016

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Large reductions in nicotine content could dramatically reduce reinforcement from and dependence on cigarettes. In this article, we summarise the potential benefits of reducing nicotine in combusted tobacco and address some of the common concerns. We focus specifically on New Zealand because it may be ideally situated to implement such a policy. The available data suggest that, in current smokers, very low nicotine content (VLNC) cigarettes decrease nicotine exposure, decrease cigarette dependence, reduce the number of cigarettes smoked per day and increase the likelihood of contemplating, making and succeeding at a quit attempt. New smokers would almost certainly be exposed to far less nicotine as a result of smoking VLNC cigarettes and, consequently, would probably be less likely to become chronic, dependent, smokers. Many of the concerns about reducing nicotine including compensatory smoking, an exacerbation of psychiatric symptoms, the perception that VLNC cigarettes are less harmful, and the potential for a black market are either not supported by the available data, likely mitigated by other factors including the availability of nicotine-containing e-cigarettes, or unlikely to offset the potential benefit to public health. Although not all concerns have been addressed or can be a priori, the magnitude of the potential benefits and the growing evidence of relatively few potential harms should make nicotine reduction one of the centrepieces for discussion of how to rapidly advance tobacco control. Policies that aim to render the most toxic tobacco products less addictive could help New Zealand attain their goal of becoming smokefree by 2025.

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Section: Evidence-based Potential Benefits Of Reducing Nicotine In CImentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing the nicotine content of combusted tobacco products sold in New Zealand

et al. 2016

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“…These studies showed substantial reduction in smoking, no significant compensatory smoking, and reduced toxicant exposure at very low doses of nicotine. Furthermore, smoking cessation is facilitated with the use of very low nicotine content cigarettes in a population of smokers, from both the United States and New Zealand, interested in quitting (Hatsukami, Kotlyar, et al, 2010;Walker et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine Reduction: Strategic Research Plan

Hatsukami¹,

Benowitz²,

Donny³

et al. 2012

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

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background: Reducing nicotine content in cigarettes and other combustible products to levels that are not reinforcing or addictive has the potential to substantially reduce tobacco-related morbidity and mortality. The authority to reduce nicotine levels as a regulatory measure is provided in the U.S. Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act and is consistent with the general regulatory powers envisioned under the relevant articles of the World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Many experts have considered reducing nicotine in cigarettes to be a feasible national policy approach, but more research is necessary.

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“…Limitations of this trial were the relatively high loss to end of intervention and postintervention assessments of smoking status, which is not uncommon in cessation trials [34,65,66]. Specifically, 14-, 26-and 56-week smoking status end point data were obtained for 65.8, 54.2 and 46.9 % of participants, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%