The combination therapy of targeting both paclitaxel and Dendrophthoe pentandra leaves extract nanoparticles for improvement breast cancer treatment efficacy by reducing TUBB3 and MAP4 expressions

Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the combination treatments of paclitaxel and chitosan-Dendrophthoe pentandra leaves extract nanoparticles (NPDP) on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Chitosan-NPDP nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and assessed by using immunofluorescence microscopy. MCF-7 cells are cultured and divided into six groups: group 1 was a negative control (without paclitaxel or NPDP); group 2 was treated with paclitaxel alone; groups 3-5 were treated with NPDP (2, 4, and 8 mg/mL, respectively) and group 6 was treated only by 8 mg/mL of chitosan-NPDP nanoparticles. The proliferation and cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry and the expression of TUBB3 and MAP4 were assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy. The combinations of paclitaxel-NPDP significantly inhibit proliferation of cells (P<0.001) and it is able to induce G2/M cell cycle arrest (P<0.001). The combination of paclitaxel-NPDP significantly decreases the expressions of TUBB3 (P<0.001) and MAP4 (P<0.001) in MCF-7 cells. These results indicate that the combination of NPDP nanoparticles could reduce the expressions of TUBB3 and MAP4. This research may provide possible sources of new therapy for NPDP.

Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f.) Ettingsh. and Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq.: A review of traditional medical uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, and applications

“…Dans were able to exert renal reinforcement by reducing the levels of creatinine, urea nitrogen, urea, and renal cell necrosis in rats, which further enlarged the pharmacotherapeutic range of DP ( Anjani et al, 2021 ). The ethanolic extract of DP paired with paclitaxel was able to attenuate the growth of MCF-7 cells by reducing the expression of tubulin βIII and microtubule-associated protein 4, which might provide a promising method for the treatment of breast cancer ( Permana et al, 2021 ).…”

Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Effects of Olive Leaf Extract Chitosan Nanoparticles on Breast Cancer MCF-7 and Lung Cancer A549 Cells

“…However, there have been studies on the immobilization of leaf extracts of different medicinal plants with chitosan and their effects on cancer cells. Regarding this, the immobilization of leaf extract of Dendrophthoe pentandra, a mango-growing parasitic plant with chitosan (NPDP), has a high cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 cells, exhibiting about 20% of cell viability at 8 mg/mL concentration [20]. Another recent study has shown that Annona squamosa (named Srikaya belonging to Annonaceae family) leaf extract-loaded chitosan (nano-ASLE) has an IC 50 of 344.48 µg/mL on HeLa cells [19].…”

“…4B). In literature, Dendrophthoe pentandra leaf extract-loaded chitosan (NPDP) nanoparticles induced the G2/M cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 cancer cells [20]. Similarly, Annona squamosa leaf extractloaded chitosan (nano-ASLE) also stimulated the cell cycle arrest in G2/M in WiDr cancer cells [18].…”

“…The immobilization of leaf extract of Annona squamosa, a custard apple, with chitosan nanoparticles (nano-ASLE) had a cytotoxic effect, and induced apoptosis in human colon cancer (WiDr) and HeLa cells [18,19]. Also, another recent work has shown that the immobilization of leaf extract of Dendrophthoe pentandra, a mango-growing parasitic plant, with chitosan had a cytotoxic effect on the G2/M cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 breast cancer cells [20]. To the best of our knowledge, no research has been reported on OLE-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (OLE-CNPs) thus far.…”

Immobilization of Olive Leaf Extract with Chitosan Nanoparticles as an Adjunct to Enhance Cytotoxicity

“…There have been few studies on the immobilization of tree leaf extracts used in herbal medicine with chitosan and their effects on cancer cells. The immobilization of the leaf extract of Annona squamosa, custard apple, with chitosan nanoparticles (nano-ASLE) had a cytotoxic effect and induced apoptosis in human colon cancer (WiDr) and HeLa cells. , Also, another recent work showed that the immobilization of the leaf extract of Dendrophthoe pentandra, a parasitic plant growing on the mango tree, with chitosan had a cytotoxic effect on the G2/M cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 breast cancer cells . Besides, the antifungal effect of OLE-immobilized chitosan nanoparticles has been demonstrated in different studies. , Regarding these, a recent study has reported the control of verticillium wilt on tomato plants by OLE-loaded CNPs .…”