The Colors of the Ocean Plastics

Martí, Elisa; Martin, Cecilia; Galli, Matteo; Echevarrı́a, Fidel; Duarte, Carlos M.; Cózar, Andrés

doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b06400

Cited by 154 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This coincides with results from Marti et al. (2020) where 47% of thousands of floating plastic items from a global collection were also identified as clear/transparent and black. In the case of turtles, all species consumed plastic and green turtles especially were more attracted to plastic debris (Fukuoka et al., 2016).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…For this purpose, a recent study proposes the use of a standardized colour palette (such as the Pantone Colour Matching System) if identification must be completed visually. A semi‐automatic computer program can also be used to define colour more accurately (Marti et al., 2020). The importance of knowing correlations between plastic colours with particle size and distance to shore can also provide information on the nature and dynamics of marine plastic debris as well as help identify feeding patterns of marine organisms (Hartmann et al., 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Colour may provide useful information and could identify the preferred feeding strategies of some organisms, or the conditions to which the objects have been exposed. However, visual identification of colour is very subjective (GESAMP, 2016), and there is currently no standard scheme for the colour designation of plastic debris (Marti et al, 2020). 2018) highlighted that the most commonly used analytical technique to identify the composition of macro-and microplastics is through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microscopy and a spectroscopic alternative is Raman microscopy.…”

Section: Physical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overview of global status of plastic presence in marine vertebrates

López-Martínez¹,

Morales‐Caselles

Kadar

et al. 2020

Global Change Biology

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The presence of plastic in the environment is generating impacts on all habitats and has become a major global problem in marine megafauna. Macroplastics can cause entanglement, ingestion and loss of suitable habitats. In addition to entanglement problems, there is evidence that plastics are entering the food web through ingestion by marine organisms, which could ultimately be affecting humans. Much of the available information on the impact of plastic in biota is scattered and disconnected due to the use of different methodologies. Here, we review the variety of approaches and protocols followed to assess macro‐ and microplastic ingestion in marine vertebrates such as sea turtles, cetaceans and fishes in order to offer a global overview of their current status. The analysis of 112 studies indicates the highest plastic ingestion in organisms collected in the Mediterranean and Northeast Indian Ocean with significant differences among plastic types ingested by different groups of animals, including differences in colour and the type of prevalent polymers. In sea turtles, the most prevalent types of plastics are white plastics (66.60%), fibres (54.54%) and LDPE polymer (39.09%); in cetaceans, white macro‐ and microplastics (38.31%), fibres (79.95%) and PA polymer (49.60%); and in fishes, transparent plastics (45.97%), fibres (66.71%) and polyester polymer (36.20%). Overall, clear fibre microplastics are likely the most predominant types ingested by marine megafauna around the globe.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Overview of global status of plastic presence in marine vertebrates

López-Martínez¹,

Morales‐Caselles

Kadar

et al. 2020

Global Change Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Feeding strategies, trophic level and existing environmental concentrations continue to determine microplastic ingestion in higher organisms. Selective feeding, based on size and color (Martí et al, 2020), by planktonic fish will have a measurable effect as will non-selective feeding e.g., benthic fish at the sediment water-interface (Sanchez et al, 2014;Baldwin et al, 2020). Increased longevity (multiple years to decades) and trophic position of wildfowl increases their potential to incorporate microplastics from multiple sources and vectoring to the sediment via feces (Reynolds and Ryan, 2018).…”

Section: Biological Taphonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Paleoecology of Microplastic Contamination

Bancone

Turner

Sul

et al. 2020

Front. Environ. Sci.

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While the ubiquity and rising abundance of microplastic contamination is becoming increasingly well-known, there is very little empirical data for the scale of their historical inputs to the environment. For many pollutants, where long-term monitoring is absent, paleoecological approaches (the use of naturally-accumulating archives to assess temporal trends) have been widely applied to determine such historical patterns, but to date this has been undertaken only very rarely for microplastics, despite the enormous potential to identify the scale and extent of inputs as well as rates of change. In this paper, we briefly assess the long-term monitoring and paleoecological microplastic literature before considering the advantages and disadvantages of various natural archives (including lake and marine sediments, ice cores and peat archives) as a means to determine historical microplastic records, as well as the range of challenges facing those attempting to extract microplastics from them. We also outline some of the major considerations in chemical, physical and biological taphonomic processes for microplastics as these are critical to the correct interpretation of microplastic paleoecological records but are currently rarely considered. Finally, we assess the usefulness of microplastic paleoecological records as a stratigraphic tool, both as a means to provide potential chronological information, as well as a possible marker for the proposed Anthropocene Epoch.

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An investigation on the prevalence of microplastic in commercial and open pan salts obtained from Cox's Bazar and Maheshkhali region of Bay of Bengal (Bangladesh)

Mazumder

Quader

Saha

et al. 2023

Food Science & Nutrition

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Unrestrained utilization of plastic has reached an intemperate state, menacing environment and human lives. The preliminary focus of this research was to investigate and divulge the contemporary status of microplastics (MPs) in commercialized and open pan salts from Cox's Bazar and Maheshkhali channels. A total of 27 samples were obtained. The samples were analyzed for the prevalence of MPs by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy (RS); the prevailing amount, color, size, and shapes were analyzed by stereomicroscope and SEM. The abundance of high‐density polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) were detected by FTIR, meanwhile exuberance of cellulose acetate, polypropylene, PET, LDPE, and Nylon 6 were identified by RS. The average quantifications of MPs in Cox's Bazar, Maheshkhali, and packaged salts were found to be 6851.11 ± 538.18, 5638.89 ± 1001.18, and 3405.56 ± 638.57 per kg, respectively. ANOVA resulted in highly significant association between MPs and sampling sites (p = .001*). Post hoc Tukey's test revealed prominent link between commercialized and open pan salts based on the amount of MPs (p = .001*). The most prevalent colors were purple (28%) and blue (27%). The most frequent shapes were fibrous (79%) and fragmented (19.9%) MPs. The smallest MP was detected in commercial salt (1.55 μm), nearly identical and closer to the size of nanoplastics.

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The Colors of the Ocean Plastics

Cited by 154 publications

References 31 publications

Overview of global status of plastic presence in marine vertebrates

Overview of global status of plastic presence in marine vertebrates

The Paleoecology of Microplastic Contamination

An investigation on the prevalence of microplastic in commercial and open pan salts obtained from Cox's Bazar and Maheshkhali region of Bay of Bengal (Bangladesh)

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