The Color of Health: Residential Segregation, Light Rail Transit Developments, and Gentrification in the United States

Tehrani, Shadi Omidvar; Wu, Shuling J.; Roberts, Jennifer D.

doi:10.3390/ijerph16193683

Cited by 30 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Without careful consideration of the equity implications of such changes, these interventions can reinforce patterns of residential segregation, gentrification, and displacement of low-income residents and communities of color. One review of transit-oriented development-an urban design practice intended to maximize walking, cycling, and public transit-stresses the importance of requiring affordable housing around such development and involving local communities at early stages of development to ensure that the benefits of such projects are experienced by all [64].…”

Section: Increased Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Solutions Double as Health Interventions

Mailloux

Henegan

Lsoto

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The climate crisis threatens to exacerbate numerous climate-sensitive health risks, including heatwave mortality, malnutrition from reduced crop yields, water- and vector-borne infectious diseases, and respiratory illness from smog, ozone, allergenic pollen, and wildfires. Recent reports from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change stress the urgent need for action to mitigate climate change, underscoring the need for more scientific assessment of the benefits of climate action for health and wellbeing. Project Drawdown has analyzed more than 80 solutions to address climate change, building on existing technologies and practices, that could be scaled to collectively limit warming to between 1.5° and 2 °C above preindustrial levels. The solutions span nine major sectors and are aggregated into three groups: reducing the sources of emissions, maintaining and enhancing carbon sinks, and addressing social inequities. Here we present an overview of how climate solutions in these three areas can benefit human health through improved air quality, increased physical activity, healthier diets, reduced risk of infectious disease, and improved sexual and reproductive health, and universal education. We find that the health benefits of a low-carbon society are more substantial and more numerous than previously realized and should be central to policies addressing climate change. Much of the existing literature focuses on health effects in high-income countries, however, and more research is needed on health and equity implications of climate solutions, especially in the Global South. We conclude that adding the myriad health benefits across multiple climate change solutions can likely add impetus to move climate policies faster and further.

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Section: Increased Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Solutions Double as Health Interventions

Mailloux

Henegan

Lsoto

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…Still, its magnitudes could vary depending on each MSA's economic and housing market characteristics (44,45). Using microdata of housing locations or parcel-level land value data, recent studies aim to understand the causal pathways to transit-induced gentrification in terms of housing and property value change (11,12,(46)(47)(48) or the spatial patterns of housing eviction filing data (49,50).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Light Rail Transit on Labor Participation and Housing Affordability in the U.S.: Longitudinal Analysis Using Propensity Score Matching

Kim

Park

Nelson

2021

Transportation Research Record

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Planners and planning scholars have debated the effects of public transit on changes in various employment outcomes. However, few studies have tried to understand how public transit affects employment changes in a community while accounting for housing costs at the same time. As an update to and methodological advance on early studies, this study aims to measure light rail transit (LRT) systems’ impacts on the change in labor participation and housing affordability. This study uses the decennial Census and 5-year American Community Survey (ACS) data at the block group level and conducts propensity score matching in 12 selected LRT systems across the U.S. opened between 2000 and 2010. By comparing growth rates of the average weeks worked and the median gross rent between treatment and control groups, the results show that an introduction of an LRT station increases the average weeks worked—a measure of labor participation—while not raising the median gross rent. Further analysis also shows that the increased average weeks worked after operation of LRT systems is a result of an increase in the percentage of full-time and year-round workers and a decrease in the proportion of part-time and part-year workers. Ultimately, the findings provide planners and policymakers with a better understanding of the effects of LRT systems on the economic stability of urban communities.

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“…4 Reserving low-priced land for low-income households, inclusionary zoning, and property tax relief may also prevent displacement as property values rise with transit-oriented development. 5 Displacement of low socioeconomic status and nonwhite residents may not only be an inevitable outcome of development but also controlled upliftment of the neighborhood by involvement of all stakeholders.…”

Section: Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an illustration, at the neighborhood level, although public lighting may make residents feel safer, 4 it may introduce light pollution and thus affect their sleep. 5 Multidisciplinary approaches that can provide us with a greater understanding of the complex interplay of social and physical environmental predictors of sleep health and efforts to minimize unintended effects of urban interventions are needed in order to improve sleep health in disadvantaged communities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%