The coherence between TiO2 nanoparticles and microfibrillated cellulose in thin film for enhanced dispersal and photodegradation of dye

Role of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch-Derived Cellulose in Improving the Sonocatalytic Activity of Silver-Doped Titanium Dioxide

“…Cellulose exhibited characteristic bands at 896 cm −1 , 1030 cm −1 , 1161 cm −1 , 1317 cm −1 , 1423 cm −1 , and 2915 cm −1 , which corresponded to the β-glucosidic linkages between the glucose monomers, stretching vibration of C–O–C within saccharide rings, asymmetric valence vibrations of C–O–C, bending of C–H, bending vibration of –CH 2 , and stretching vibration of C–H bonds, respectively [ 38 , 39 ]. All these characteristic bands corresponded to cellulose I [ 38 , 39 ].…”

“…Cellulose exhibited characteristic bands at 896 cm −1 , 1030 cm −1 , 1161 cm −1 , 1317 cm −1 , 1423 cm −1 , and 2915 cm −1 , which corresponded to the β-glucosidic linkages between the glucose monomers, stretching vibration of C–O–C within saccharide rings, asymmetric valence vibrations of C–O–C, bending of C–H, bending vibration of –CH 2 , and stretching vibration of C–H bonds, respectively [ 38 , 39 ]. All these characteristic bands corresponded to cellulose I [ 38 , 39 ]. The peak shifting from 1030 cm −1 to 1051 cm −1 and 1049 cm −1 found in 0.05 cellulose/TiO 2 and cellulose/Ag/TiO 2 , respectively, indicated the bonding interaction between cellulose and TiO 2 where the stretching vibration of C–O–C within saccharide rings was present.…”

“…According to IUPAC classification [ 42 ], all samples exhibited type IV isotherms with H3 hysteresis loops, indicating the slit-like shape mesoporous characteristics of materials (2–50 nm). The dramatic increase in nitrogen adsorption at high relative pressures (above P/P 0 = 0.6) indicated the changes of monolayer to multilayer adsorption of nitrogen followed by capillary condensation inside the mesopores [ 39 ]. The multilayer adsorption and capillary condensation happened at higher relative pressures (P/P 0 = 0.6–0.99) further confirmed the presence of uniform mesopores, which covered the surface of TiO 2 , 0.05 cellulose/TiO 2 , 0.05 Ag/TiO 2 , and cellulose/Ag/TiO 2 .…”

Solvothermal sol–gel synthesis of TiO2-cellulose nanocrystalline composites

“…polyamide-amine-epichlorohydrin [Wang et al 2015], polylactide [Kaseem et al 2019]) polymers can be taken as complementary components of photocatalytic materials. At the same time, use of natural biopolymer cellulose could be a particularly attractive solution [Dette et al 2014;Filippo et al 2015;Sathasivam et al 2015;He et al 2016;Butman et al 2018;Garusinghe et al 2018;Rahmawati et al 2017;Wittmar et al 2015;Oliveira et al 2017;Shahrezaei et al 2017.;Melvin et al 2019;Habibi et al 2020]. Cellulose does not absorb in the UV-visible spectral range [Sirvio et al 2016] and cannot screen action spectrum of the photoactive TiO2 component.…”

“…Naturally, cellulose degrades in these conditions leading to the decomposition of the intermediate structures. Attempts to preserve the organic component in the final photocatalyst are rare [Galkina et al 2014;Khalid et al 2017;Luo et al 2014;Morawski et al 2013;Melvin et al 2019;Sun et al 2010]. The synthesis by decomposition of titanium isopropoxide in ethanol media together with wood cellulose fibers in the microwave-assisted solvothermal process has been reported by Cardoso et al [Cardoso et al 2018] and the mechanism of the nucleation and growth of TiO2 nanoparticles on cellulose fibers has been depicted.…”