The cognitive context of argument

Relations between argumentativeness and belief structures about arguing

“…Other research has found arguing enhances the individual's communication image (Infante, 1981(Infante, , 1984, and is related positively to academic achievement (Infante, 1982). There are several approaches to understanding arguing; rhetorical (e.g., Toulmin, 1958;Perelman & Olbrechts-Tyteca, 1969); constructivistic (Willard, 1979); discourse analytic (Jackson & Jacobs, 1980); developmental (Burleson, 1981); cognitive (Hample, 1981); critical (e.g., Campbell, 1973); and competitive debate (Cowperthwaite&Baird, 1954).…”

Toward a theory of minimally rational argument: Analyses of episode‐specific effects of argument structures

“…Third, we value argument as it occurs in conversation, in lieu of investigating arguments as cognitive processes (e.g., Hample, 1981) or argumentativeness as a personality trait (Infante & Rancer, 1982). Meyers and Seibold (1987), for example, found little association between arguments constructed in the mind and those socially presented in terms of their number, content, or outcomes.…”

A Functional Approach to Interpersonal Argument: Differences between Public-Issue and Personal-Issue Arguments

“…. within one or more people'' (p. 19), but specifically, argument may function to: (a) gain or give knowledge, (b) portray oneself in a positive light, (c) express one's views, (d) pass the time, and=or (e) resolve behavioral incompatibilities (see Hample, 1983Hample, , 2005Katz, 1960).…”

“…The first function served by argument is the knowledge function (Katz, 1960), the gaining or giving of knowledge (Hample, 1983). Arguments can allow inquiry and result in issue understanding (Trapp, 1989).…”