The Cognitive and Emotional Components of Behavior Norms in Outdoor Recreation

Abstract

Behavioral norms consist of two components: a cognitive component of obligation that is

The Influence of Norms and Consequences on Voluntary Catch and Release Angling Behavior

“…In line with Heywood's (2002) work on behavioral norms in outdoor recreation, we suggest that future research on C&R normative behavior should look at the cognitive part of obligation to do C&R, and the more affective or emotional components of sanctions of doing or not doing C&R, in different angler subpopulations and between rivers/fisheries. If social norms play a significant role, it is of interest to learn more about what the non-fishing public and important stakeholders mean and think about C&R and how it eventually is changing (Arlinghaus et al 2007).…”

“…Several approaches to norms emphasize a sense of obligation by the individual and possible sanctions such as punishment for breaking norms and reward for following them (Grasmick, Bursik, & Kinsey, 1993;Heywood, 2002). Heywood (2011) defines social norms as "Informal rules shared by groups or societies that guide behavior and have positive and/or negative consequences that help to make the behavior more or less self-correcting" (p. 442).…”

The Effect of Place Attachment on Pro-environment Behavioral Intentions of Visitors to Coastal Natural Area Tourist Destinations

“…This was especially relevant here as social norms and group cohesion were significant aspects that also underpin the affective dimension, everybody's happy. Individuals have societal obligations and recognize that they should behave in a particular manner (Heywood 2002;Gockeritz, Schultz, Rendon, Cialdini, Goldstein and Griskevicius 2010). Humans are social in nature and are highly susceptible to social influence (Gockeritz, et al 2010) and through the encouragement or discouragement of significant others, individuals are taught these social or societal standards as to what are acceptable behaviors (Heywood 2002).…”

“…Individuals have societal obligations and recognize that they should behave in a particular manner (Heywood 2002;Gockeritz, Schultz, Rendon, Cialdini, Goldstein and Griskevicius 2010). Humans are social in nature and are highly susceptible to social influence (Gockeritz, et al 2010) and through the encouragement or discouragement of significant others, individuals are taught these social or societal standards as to what are acceptable behaviors (Heywood 2002). For example, individuals are often taught that littering is 'bad' and will also conform to expected behaviors in an effort to be accepted by others (Gockeritz, et al 2010).…”

Cultural congruency and shocking buzz campaigns: contrasting the opinions of professionals and consumers

“…Breaking taboos may lead to internal and/or social sanctions. Accordingly, internal sanctions occur through emotions such as shame, guilt and embarrassment (Heywood, 2002).…”