The code of silence: Revisiting South African police integrity

Ivković, Sanja Kutnjak; Sauerman, Adri

doi:10.17159/2413-3108/2012/v0i40a841

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(9 reference statements)

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Section: Literature Review and Hypothesis Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further research by Kutnjak Ivkovic and Sauerman (2012) analysed the survey responses of 771 South African police and found that in 13 of the 14 scenarios covered in the study, perceived offence seriousness was a significant predictor of a respondent's willingness to report misconduct. The only scenario in which seriousness was not a strong predictor of willingness to report misconduct was the 'bribe from a red-light violator' (Kutnjak Ivkovic and Sauerman, 2012). Data from Klockars (1999) gathered from 3235 police officers employed in 30 agencies in the United States revealed that higher rated perceptions of seriousness were associated with a greater likelihood of being willing to report in four scenarios in which it was included.…”

Section: Literature Review and Hypothesis Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The four scenarios were: 1, free meals; 2, punch for fleeing; 3: auto body kickback; and 4, opportunistic theft (Long et al, 2013). Previous studies have consistently revealed that the seriousness of an offence was a strong predictor of whether officers would report misconductwith officers showing a greater willingness to report infractions they perceived as more serious and less willing to report infractions they perceived as minor (Kutnjak Ivkovic and Sauerman, 2012;Kutnjak Ivkovic ́et al, 2018;Long et al, 2013;Matthew et al, 2016). Matthew et al (2016) analysed the data from a sample of 499 Philadelphia police officers who responded to six of the scenarios from Klockars et al's (2000) survey.…”

Section: Literature Review and Hypothesis Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Intention to report misconduct of the Royal Malaysian Police: Examining perceived offence seriousness, perceived disciplinary fairness and perceived legitimacy

Khan,

Ismail,

Musatin

2023

International Journal of Police Science & Management

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The intention to report misconduct is the inclination of police officers to disclose wrongdoing perpetrated by other officers, whereas the code of silence is an unwritten policy prohibiting officers from reporting the misbehaviour of their colleagues. Hence, officers have the choice either to remain silent or to report any misconduct by their colleagues. This article investigates the determinants of the intention to report misconduct by Royal Malaysian Police (RMP) officers from the commercial crime investigation department. Organizational theory is used to form the framework and develop the hypotheses. Three hypotheses are developed concerning the intention to report RMP officer misconduct using three elements: perceived offence seriousness, perceived disciplinary fairness and perceived legitimacy. Face-to-face and online survey questionnaires were used as data collection methods. In total, 170 questionnaires were distributed, and 151 completed questionnaires were useable. The questionnaire contained four scenarios illustrating various forms of misconduct; each contained seven questions measuring police officers’ perception and assessment of their intention to report, perceived seriousness of the offence, perceived disciplinary fairness and other intentions to report. Ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed that perceived offence seriousness and perceived legitimacy had a strong positive relationship with officer intentions to report misconduct. This study has important implications for national and international policymakers to find out how well officers understand their agency's rules on misconduct as well as their opinions about the seriousness of the different types of misconduct, the appropriate discipline for the misconduct and their willingness to report the behaviour.

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Section: Literature Review and Hypothesis Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Review and Hypothesis Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Review and Hypothesis Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Intention to report misconduct of the Royal Malaysian Police: Examining perceived offence seriousness, perceived disciplinary fairness and perceived legitimacy

Khan,

Ismail,

Musatin

2023

International Journal of Police Science & Management

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“…There now exists a community of scholars, research institutes (such as Institute for Security Studies), and departments at universities that specialize in criminology and criminal justice. Research exists, for example, on the culture of integrity in the SAPS (Ivković and Sauerman, ); the occupational culture of riot control units (Marks, ); democratic changes in management styles adopted by the SAPS (Marks and Goldsmith, ); and how local police commanders describe their relationships with community groups (van der Spuy, ). In contrast, in most other African countries, conducting research on the police or other security agencies is practically impossible and considered close to treason.…”

Section: Case Studies Of (Partially) Successful Reforms In Africa Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… For example, Brogden and Shearing (), Dixon and van der Spuy (), Minaar and Mistry (), van Zyl Smit and van der Spuy (), Bruce and Neild (), Marks (), Gordon (), Marks and Goldsmith (), Rauch and van der Spuy (), van der Spuy (), Cartwright and Shearing () and Ivković and Sauerman ().…”

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Styles of Policing and Economic Development in African States

Marenin

2014

Public Admin & Development

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SUMMARYThe notion that economic development in African states requires minimal levels of security has become widely accepted in the international development community. The first part of this essay explores the question of which types of security provisionprofessional all service policing or functionally specialized agencies-will have the greater impact on promoting and sustaining economic development. Reviewing the extant data and building on analyses by Jan van Dijk, I argue that functional policing styles and work, rather than full-service policing work, are more important to address the major obstacle to economic development: grand corruption, organized crime, political violence, fraud and mismanagement by governments. The second part of the essay considers the experience of changing policing systems in Africa, which are composed of both functional and full-policing reforms. Despite sometimes substantial donor support, only South Africa and a few post-conflict states (e.g. Sierra Leone and Liberia) have achieved some measure of success. Many of the political, social and economic contextual conditions that would support more substantive and sustainable police reforms are absent.

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Sexism and misogyny as traits of police culture: Problems, red flags and solutions

Turner

2024

International Journal of Police Science & Management

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The aim of this article is to utilise pre-existing literature to explore the problems of misogyny and sexism currently found to be operating within the police service, and to provide recommendations around reform. This article analyses problems associated with sexism and misogyny at a time of media scrutiny following the Baroness Casey Review of the Metropolitan Police culture, which identifies these concepts as an institutional problem that can impact upon female police officers and women in general. The article begins by highlighting the importance of understanding the differences between sexism and misogyny and then reviews potential strategies towards police reform. These changes include a review of policy and law, use of education, leadership changes, reform to the Police Complaints and Discipline system, male peer support and more-effective whistleblowing processes. The article concludes by establishing that all strategies are worthy of consideration to reform a negative police culture. It also acknowledges that failures to respond to the challenges of dealing with misogyny and sexism effectively, will result in the strengthening of a police culture that continues to damage the police’s reputation and public trust and which will consequently affect all who are victim and witness to this behaviour.

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The code of silence: Revisiting South African police integrity

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Intention to report misconduct of the Royal Malaysian Police: Examining perceived offence seriousness, perceived disciplinary fairness and perceived legitimacy

Intention to report misconduct of the Royal Malaysian Police: Examining perceived offence seriousness, perceived disciplinary fairness and perceived legitimacy

Styles of Policing and Economic Development in African States

Sexism and misogyny as traits of police culture: Problems, red flags and solutions

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