The coastal ocean response to the global warming acceleration and hiatus

Liao, Enhui; Lu, Wenfang; Yan, Xiao‐Hai; Jiang, Yuwu; Kidwell, Autumn

doi:10.1038/srep16630

Cited by 63 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…This data set has been widely used in scientific researches [16][17][18][19]. The suitability of the data base to identify extreme events was previously shown in work of Lima and Wethdy and Liao et al [16,20].…”

Section: Data Sourcementioning

confidence: 96%

Changes in Means and Extreme Events of Sea Surface Temperature in the East China Seas Based on Satellite Data from 1982 to 2017

Wang

et al. 2019

Atmosphere

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Marginal seas are fundamental to humans for their importance in mariculture resources and commerce. Based on the NOAA 0.25 degree daily Optimum Interpolation (OI) sea surface temperature (SST) data set, spatiotemporal changes in mean and extreme SST in the East China Seas (ECSs) were examined for from 1982 to 2017. As a regional average, the annual mean SST has notably increased at a rate of 0.21 ± 0.08 • C per decade. The warming SST during 1982-2017 is probably related to the influence from a recent strengthening and westward extension of the WPSH. There are also notable warming trends in annual minimum and maximum SST. Spatially, the rapid warming of annual mean SSTs are located in the vicinity of the Yangtze Estuary, exceeding 0.2 • C per decade and part of the ECS-Kuroshio. This pattern may be largely affected by the spatial changes of minimum SST. Rapid warming of maximum SST can be found across the region, from the northern East China Sea (ECS) to the Bohai Sea. Since 1982, extreme hot days (EHDs) have undergone an obvious increasing trend, at a rate of 15.2 days per decade. Conversely, extreme cold days (ECDs) have been decreasing. Notably, the largest increase of EHDs appears in the western ECS and the Bohai Sea, which both have rich marine ecosystems. The trend of EHDs has a significant relationship to mean SST, suggesting that there will be a further increase in EHDs under continued warming in the ECSs. These findings emphasize the importance and urgency of strategies which should be planned for the adaptation and mitigation of specific types of extreme hot events in this region.

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Section: Data Sourcementioning

confidence: 96%

Changes in Means and Extreme Events of Sea Surface Temperature in the East China Seas Based on Satellite Data from 1982 to 2017

Wang

et al. 2019

Atmosphere

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“…Being jointly determined by coastal topography and sea level, the area of each land section has an innate temporal auto-correlation, which should be considered to the estimation of coastline change rate. Thus, for each land section, the freedom degree was computed using the Quenouille procedure [62]. The standard deviation was calculated using the resulting freedom value for assessing the uncertainty.…”

Section: Uncertainty Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting Coastline Change with All Available Landsat Data over 1986–2015: A Case Study for the State of Texas, USA

2018

Atmosphere

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Coastline change often results from social and natural factors, such as human activities in the coastal zone, long-term and short-term sea level change, hurricane occurrences, subsequent recovery, and so on. Tracking coastline change is essential to deepen our understanding of coastal responses to these factors. Such information is also required for land use planning and sustainable development of coastal zones. In this context, we aimed to collect all available Landsat data (TM: Thematic Mapper, ETM+: Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus and OLI: Operational Land Imager) over 1986-2015 for tracking the coastline dynamic and estimating its change rate in the State of Texas, USA. First, the land vs. water maps at an annual scale were derived from the satellite images. The border between land and water represents the coastline in this study. Second, the annual land area was obtained to characterize the coastline dynamic and a linear regression model was used for estimating the change rate. We also analyzed the potential driving factors of the observed coastline change. The results reveal that the coastline in the State of Texas changed at a rate of −0.154 ± 0.063 km 2 /year from 1986 to 2015, which indicates that the coastline has mainly experienced an erosion over the past three decades. Specifically, 52.58% of the entire coastline retreated to the land while a 47.42% portion advanced to the ocean. Long-term sea level rise can result in the erosion of coastline. Hurricane occurrences can explain the relatively strong coastline erosion. Besides, significant difference between the coastline change rate with a higher curvature and a lower curvature was observed. This study establishes a general method for detecting coastline change at large spatial and long-term temporal scales, by using remote sensing that can give fundamental information on coastline change. This is important for making scientific and reasonable policies of sustainable development of coastal zones.

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“…Moreover, Xie et al () found that the annual mean temperature in China exhibited a cooling trend during the recent global warming hiatus period, suggestive of a robust warming hiatus in China. Liao et al () studied the coastal ocean response to the global warming acceleration and hiatus and found a significant cooling trend in the low latitudes and midlatitudes (i.e., 31.4% of global coastlines) after 1998, including China's offshore waters. Our results are consistent with those of previous studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Rapid Changes in Land‐Sea Thermal Contrast Across China's Coastal Zone in a Warming Climate

et al. 2019

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Coastal areas are important sites of environmental and socioeconomic activities and are significantly influenced by climate change. Here we analyzed the current and future responses of spatiotemporal characteristics of land‐sea thermal contrast (LSTC) along China's coastal zone to global warming. Using the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Re‐Analysis (ERA)‐Interim and 18 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 models, we find that the rate of global warming significantly influenced the LSTC in summer. The LSTC first decreased and then increased during the warming and hiatus periods, respectively. In winter, the LSTC decreased in the Bohai Sea coastal zone, Yellow Sea‐East China Sea coastal zone, and South China Sea coastal zone at rates of 0.46 (p < 0.01), 0.18 (p < 0.01), and 0.19 °C/decade, respectively. Spatially, the LSTC decreased in summer and winter with the decrease in latitude and increased in summer and winter with the decrease in longitude. These changes were caused by urbanization, land use changes, and topography. The spatial distribution was more strongly controlled by land than by sea. Meanwhile, the land/sea warming ratio was concentrated within the range of 0–1 and 1–2, and land/sea temperature variation trends commonly followed the same direction. Overall, land/sea surface temperature variations had similar amplitudes. Under three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), the warming rate difference between land and sea in summer is small, but the land warms faster than the sea in winter, resulting in the LSTC decreasing fast in winter. Under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, the linear trends in LSTC in Bohai Sea coastal zone, Yellow Sea‐East China Sea coastal zone, and South China Sea coastal zone ranged from 0.05 to 0.08 (p < 0.01) and 0.13 to 0.15 °C/decade (p < 0.01), respectively.

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The coastal ocean response to the global warming acceleration and hiatus

Cited by 63 publications

References 42 publications

Changes in Means and Extreme Events of Sea Surface Temperature in the East China Seas Based on Satellite Data from 1982 to 2017

Changes in Means and Extreme Events of Sea Surface Temperature in the East China Seas Based on Satellite Data from 1982 to 2017

Detecting Coastline Change with All Available Landsat Data over 1986–2015: A Case Study for the State of Texas, USA

Rapid Changes in Land‐Sea Thermal Contrast Across China's Coastal Zone in a Warming Climate

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