The Co-Occurrence of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children With ADHD

Zablotsky, Benjamin; Bramlett, Matthew D.; Blumberg, Stephen J.

doi:10.1177/1087054717713638

Cited by 103 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Variations in ADHD prevalence rates have been identified between US and non-US studies (Faraone et al, 2003). As shown in Table 3, US studies (Grzadzinski et al, 2011;Kotte et al, 2013;Reiersen et al, 2007;Salley et al, 2015;Grzadzinski et al, 2016;Zablotsky et al, 2017) were identified to have a similar random pooled effect size to non-US studies (Ronald et al, 2008;Kochhar et al, 2011;Lichtenstein et al, 2010;Russell et al, 2014;Craig et al, 2015;Green et al, 2015;Jensen and Steinhausen, 2015). High levels of heterogeneity were identified in both US studies (78.61%) and non-US studies (89.86%), with US studies contributing to more of the heterogeneity.…”

Section: Us V Non-us Studiesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Autistic spectrum disorder symptoms in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytical review

Hollingdale

Woodhouse

Young³

et al. 2019

Psychol. Med.

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Background Research identifies highly variable prevalence estimates for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), particularly between community and clinical samples, warranting quantitative meta-analyses to investigate the true prevalence of ASD in children and adolescents with ADHD. Methods Studies were identified through a systematic literature search of PsycINFO, MEDLINE and Web of Science through January 2018. Twenty-two publications met inclusion criteria (total N = 61 985). Two random effects meta-analyses were conducted: (1) to identify the proportion of children and adolescents with ADHD that met criteria for ASD; and (2) to compare the severity of dimensionally-measured ASD symptomology in children and adolescents with and without ADHD. Results The overall pooled effect for children and adolescents with ADHD who met threshold for ASD was 21%. There was no significant difference between community samples (19%) and clinical samples (24%) or between US studies v. those from other countries. Children and adolescents with ADHD had substantially more dimensionally-measured ASD traits compared with those who did not have ADHD (d = 1.23). Conclusion The findings provide further evidence that ADHD and ASD are associated in nature. Clinical and research implications are discussed.

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Section: Us V Non-us Studiesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Autistic spectrum disorder symptoms in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytical review

Hollingdale

Woodhouse

Young³

et al. 2019

Psychol. Med.

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“…Similar to other NDs, like autism spectrum disorder (ASD), ADHD symptoms typically have their onset during childhood and tend to persist into adolescence and adulthood (Thapar, Cooper, & Rutter, ). In addition, individuals diagnosed with ADHD often present with symptoms or a diagnosis of other NDs, including learning disability (Koolwijk et al., ; Larson, Russ, Kahn, & Halfon, ), language problems (Korrel, Mueller, Silk, Anderson, & Sciberras, ; Larson et al., ), ASD (Grzadzinski, Dick, Lord, & Bishop, ; Koolwijk et al., ; Larson et al., ; Zablotsky, Bramlett, & Blumberg, ), and intellectual disability (ID; Faraone, Ghirardi, Kuja‐Halkola, Lichtenstein, & Larsson, ). ADHD is also associated with several risky behaviors and adverse health outcomes (Balazs & Kereszteny, ; Erskine et al., ; Mohr‐Jensen & Steinhausen, ; Nigg, ), including injuries (Ruiz‐Goikoetxea et al., ), which represent a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children (Haagsma et al., ; WHO, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of medication for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and risk of unintentional injuries in children and adolescents with co‐occurring neurodevelopmental disorders

Ghirardi

Chen

Chang

et al. 2019

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is often associated with other neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs) and with risky behaviors and adverse health outcomes, including injuries. Treatment with ADHD medication has been associated with reduced risk of injuries. However, it is unknown whether the association is present in individuals with co-occurring NDs. The aim of the present study was to estimate the association between ADHD medication use and unintentional injuries in Sweden in children and adolescents with ADHD, including those with co-occurring NDs. Methods: Using a linkage of several national registers via the unique personal identification number, we identified individuals with a diagnosis of ADHD and of other NDs, including autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, communication disorders, learning disorders and motor disorders. The primary outcome was unintentional injuries. Secondary outcome was traumatic brain injury (TBI). Individuals were followed from January 1st 2006 or their 5th birthday or the date of the first unintentional injury, whichever came last, to December 31st 2013 or their 18th birthday or death, whichever came first. We compared the rate of injuries during periods ontreatment with the rate of injuries during periods off-treatment within the same individual using stratified Cox regression to calculate hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: For children and adolescents with ADHD (N = 9,421) the rate of any unintentional injuries (HR = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.78-0.92) and TBIs (HR = 0.27; 95% CIs = 0.20-0.38) during medicated periods was lower than during non-medicated periods. Similar results were found among individuals with co-occurring NDs (N = 2,986), for unintentional injuries (HR = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.77-1.01) and for TBIs (HR = 0.27; 95% CI = 0.16-0.44). Conclusions: Beneficial effects of ADHD medication may extend beyond reduction of ADHD core symptoms to prevention of unintentional injuries in children and adolescents, including individuals with co-occurring NDs. Key pointsADHD medication use has been associated with reduced risk of injuries. Despite high comorbidity rates, little is known on the association between ADHD medication and injuries among children with co-occurring NDs.In this study, we found that ADHD medication use is associated with reduced risk of injuries in children and adolescents with co-occurring NDs and in the subgroup with ASD.

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“…Children diagnosed with both ASD and ADHD had greater treatment needs, more co-occurring conditions, and were more likely to have a combined hyperactive/impulsive and inattentive ADHD subtype [9]. This may be one of the reasons for patients with ADHD in our study to have a longer mean hospitalization stay.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Do Demographics and Comorbidities Act as Predictors of Co-diagnosis of Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Ashraf¹,

Eskander

Amuk

et al. 2020

Cureus

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The Co-Occurrence of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children With ADHD

Cited by 103 publications

References 46 publications

Autistic spectrum disorder symptoms in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytical review

Autistic spectrum disorder symptoms in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytical review

Use of medication for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and risk of unintentional injuries in children and adolescents with co‐occurring neurodevelopmental disorders

Do Demographics and Comorbidities Act as Predictors of Co-diagnosis of Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Autism Spectrum Disorder?

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