Our main goal is to understand the demographics and psychiatric comorbidities and to evaluate the risk of suicidal behaviors in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) adolescents. Methods We included 159,500 adolescents (age, 12 to 18 years) with a primary psychiatric diagnosis from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from January to December 2014 and grouped them by a diagnosis of PTSD (N = 21,230 [13.3%]). A logistic regression model was used to measure the odds ratio (OR) for suicidal behaviors in PTSD versus non-PTSD cohorts. Results A higher proportion of PTSD adolescents were females (75.7%) and whites (63.6%). The most prevalent psychiatric comorbidities in PTSD inpatients (vs. non-PTSD) were anxiety disorders (100% vs. 31.9%) and mood disorders (89.4% vs. 84.7%). About 48.7% of PTSD inpatients had suicidal behaviors and had a higher risk (OR 1.23; 95% CI: 1.19-1.26; P < 0.001) compared to that seen in 43.6% of the non-PTSD cohort. Conclusions Diagnosis of PTSD is prevalent in adolescents, especially females and whites, with anxiety and mood disorders being the most prevalent comorbidities. There exists a significant association between PTSD and suicidal behaviors, with an increased risk of 23% in adolescents.
To evaluate the demographic characteristics, hospitalization outcomes [severity, length of stay (LOS), and total expense], and comorbidities in pregnant patients with antepartum drug dependence (ADD). Methods We used the national inpatient sample (NIS) and included 19,170,561 female patients (age: 12-40 years) hospitalized for pregnancy-or birth-related complications and grouped by codiagnosis of ADD. We used descriptive statistics and Pearson's chi-square test for categorical data and independent sample T-test for the continuous data to measure the differences in demographic and hospital outcomes. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the odds ratio (OR) for medical and psychiatric comorbidities. Results The hospitalizations with ADD declined initially, from 2010 to 2011, followed by an increase of 50% from 2011 to 2014. White pregnant females (77.5%), and those from low-income families (<25 th percentile, 37.1 %) had comorbid ADD. Among medical comorbidities, iron-deficiency anemia was the most prevalent condition in pregnant inpatients (12.0% in ADD vs. 9.2% in non-ADD) followed by obesity and hypertension. Depression (12.9%) was the most prevalent psychiatric comorbidity in ADD inpatients followed by comorbid psychosis (three-fold higher odds). Among patients with substance use disorder (SUD), opioid abuse was the most prevalent one (67.3%) followed by cannabis (11.2%), cocaine (5.7%), amphetamine (4.0%), and alcohol (2.4%). Half of the pregnant inpatients with ADD had moderate severity of illness due to pregnancy or birth-related complications with four-fold higher odds [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.67-8.88]. They also had a higher LOS with a mean difference of 0.88 days (95%
Background: Lumbar Radiculopathy is characterized as radiating pain along with some sensory and motor deficits in lower back and hip into the leg. Manual therapy techniques like Spinal mobilization with leg movement and McKenzie Extension exercise seems to be effective in treating and managing the symptoms associated with Radiculopathy. Aim: To make comparison between effects of Spinal mobilization with leg Movement versus McKenzie Extension exercise to manage the Lumbar Radiculopathy. Methods: The present Randomized Control Trial included 60 patients of age 28-50 years with Lumbar radiculopathy were grouped into two by sealed envelope method; the first group (A) was Experimental Group, while the other group (B) was the control Group and were selected from City hospital Multan from February 2018 to June 2018. The study participants were requested to complete the protocol for 4 weeks (3 days per week, 30 repetitions in one session). All the subjects were examined before and after the tests, for pain intensity (NPRS), functional Mobility measured by MODI and range of motion by goniometry. Results: Results of the study showed significant decrease in pain intensity on NPRS (P< 0.05) and MODI Scoring (P<0.05) with noticeable improvement in Functions and range of motion measured by Goniometry. (Readings were taken at 1st session and at the end of the completion of the session). Pain was equally reduced in both groups while improvement in MODI scoring and Range of motion was more significant in experimental group (A) with respect to the control group (B). Conclusion: Study showed that both techniques SMWLW and McKenzie Extension Exercises were effective in improving the pain, decreasing the severity and MODI Scoring while SMWLM is more effective in improving range of motion. Keywords: Lumbar Radiculopathy, Spinal mobilization with leg movement, McKenzie Extension Exercises
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) before the age of 18 years are pervasive and noteworthy public health concerns. The ACEs are associated with sleep disorders in later life. In this study, we conduct a systematic review to explore the effects of ACEs on sleep in adulthood. Using Medical Subject Headings keywords, we searched Medline, PubMed, PubMed Central, the American Psychological Association PsycArticles, and PsychInfo databases to evaluate the association between ACEs and sleep disturbances. ACEs increase the odds of developing chronic short sleep duration, that is, <6 hours of sleep per night compared with optimal sleep duration of 7-9 hours per night during adulthood. The ACEs are positively associated with poor sleep characteristics such as short sleep duration and long-term sleep problems. Clinicians should pay close attention to developmental trauma care, access community health programs, and help develop better coping skills, resiliency, and good sleep habits in their patients.
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