The co‐occurrence of anaemia and stunting in young children

Gosdin, Lucas; Martorell, Reynaldo; Bartolini, Rosario; Mehta, Rukshan; Srikantiah, Sridhar; Young, Melissa

doi:10.1111/mcn.12597

Cited by 39 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…This study was carried out to determine if childhood anaemia and stunting co-occur beyond what is expected in Ghana and that their co-occurrence is spatially distributed. Similar to earlier studies ( Albalak et al, 2000 ; Castejon et al, 2004 ; Gosdin et al, 2018 ), we found no significant difference between the observed and expected frequency of co-occurrence of stunting and anaemia in the pooled data as well as for the different children's age groups. The co-occurrence of stunting and anaemia (CAS) was, however, spatially clustered in selected regions of Ghana.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…This suggest that, these conditions should be treated independently of each other ( Albalak et al, 2000 ; Castejon et al, 2004 ). A more recent study in Peru found the frequencies of co-occurrence to be similar to frequencies expected by chance ( Gosdin et al, 2018 ). Analysis of data from 46 low- and middle-income countries showed that though there is a wide range for the prevalence of co-occurrence of anaemia and stunting in these countries, overall the condition is highly prevalent ( Duc Tran et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…The burden of childhood anaemia and stunting (height-for-age Z-score < -2 SD) continues to be a widespread public health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries ( Gosdin et al, 2018 ). A report from the World Health Organization (WHO) indicated that an estimated 273.2 million children age 6–59 months were anaemic in the year 2011, with the sub-Saharan African region having the highest proportion of cases ( WHO, 2011 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlates and spatial distribution of the co-occurrence of childhood anaemia and stunting in Ghana

Christian

Agula

Jayson-Quashigah

2020

SSM - Population Health

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Childhood anaemia and stunting are major public health concerns in Ghana. Using the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey, we evaluated whether childhood anaemia (Haemoglobin concentration < 110 g/L) and stunting (height-for-age z score < −2) co-occur beyond what is expected in Ghana, and employed spatial analysis techniques to determine if their co-occurrence is spatially correlated. There was no statistically significant difference between the observed and expected frequency of co-occurrence. Among 24–35 month and 36–59-month-old children, belonging to a high wealth household compared to low wealth household was associated with lower odds of the co-occurrence of childhood anaemia and stunting (OR, 95% CI: 0.3[0.1, 0.8] and 0.2[0.1, 0.5], respectively). Children aged 6–23 months with caregivers who had formerly been in union compared to their counterparts with caregivers who have never been in union had higher odds of co-occurrence of anaemia and stunting (5.1, [1.1, 24.3]). Overall, households with high wealth and having a mother with secondary or more education were associated with lower odds of the co-occurrence of childhood anaemia and stunting (OR, 95% CI: 0.4[0.2, 0.8] and 0.5[0.3, 0.9], respectively). There was substantial spatial clustering of co-occurrence, particularly in the northern region of the country. Interventions purposed to improve linear growth and anaemia must identify the specific factors or context which contribute to childhood anaemia and stunting.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlates and spatial distribution of the co-occurrence of childhood anaemia and stunting in Ghana

Christian

Agula

Jayson-Quashigah

2020

SSM - Population Health

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“…Castejon et al [15] reported a 5.9% CAS prevalence in Venezuela. CAS prevalence was 21.5% in India and 30.4% in Peru [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent anemia and stunting in young children: prevalence, dietary and non-dietary associated factors

Mohammed

Larijani

Esmaillzadeh

2019

Nutr J

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Background The existing evidence is limited and contradicting on the co-occurrence of anemia and stunting (CAS) at individual level, despite a great overlap in their risk factors. We aimed to determine the prevalence of CAS, and the dietary and non-dietary factors associated with it, among infants and young children in Ethiopia. Method We used a nationally representative sample of 2902 children aged 6–23 months from the Ethiopian demographic and health survey, conducted in 2016. The study was cross-sectional in design. Samples were selected by two-stage clustering sampling method. CAS prevalence was estimated by various sociodemographic factors. To identify the dietary and non-dietary factors associated with CAS, we conducted hierarchical logistic regression analyses. Result The overall prevalence of CAS was 23.9%. The dietary factors found significantly linked to lower odds of CAS were use of vitamin A supplement [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.19, 95%CI = 1.06–1.33, P = 0.003], consumption of vitamin A rich fruit and vegetables (AOR = 1.15, 95%CI = 1.04–1.27, P = 0.006), meat (AOR = 1.55, 95%CI = 1.17–2.05, P = 0.002), legumes (AOR = 1.38, 95%CI = 1.05–1.81, P = 0.021), and meal frequency > 3 (AOR = 1.22, 95%CI = 1.04–1.37, P = 0.020). The non-dietary household and child factors found significantly linked to higher odds of CAS were rural residence (AOR = 1.29, 95%CI = 1.18–1.41, P < 0.001), low household wealth (AOR = 1.91, 95%CI = 1.53–2.39, P < 0.001), low caregivers’ education level (AOR = 2.14, 95%CI = 1.33–3.44, P < 0.001), male sex (AOR = 1.25, 95%CI = 1.04–1.50, P = 0.015), age 12–23 months (AOR = 1.65, 95%CI = 1.57–1.73, P < 0.001), history of infection (AOR = 1.14, 95%CI = 1.00–1.30, P = 0.048), and small birth size (AOR = 1.99, 95%CI = 1.58–2.51, P < 0.001). Conclusion Among infants and young children in Ethiopia, there was a concerning high level of CAS, which was associated with various dietary and non-dietary factors. Enhanced public health/nutrition interventions, with due emphasis on the multifactorial nature of CAS, might stand an important consideration to reduce the burden of CAS in Ethiopia and beyond.

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“…Thus, an intensive investigation is required to determine how and to what extent the nutritional statuses of women and children are associated with their anemia levels and whether the association is modified by other risk factors. Although some studies have [35, 36] tried to identify common factors associated with anemia and growth (measured by stunting, underweight and wasting in children and low BMI in women) through separate analysis of anemia and growth data, such an analysis may not be useful in identifying whether there is any association between growth and anemia. Against this backdrop, the current paper examines the association between anemia and stunting in under-five children and the association between anemia and BMI in childbearing women using nationally representative data extracted from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2011.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between malnutrition and anemia in under-five children and women of reproductive age: Evidence from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2011

et al. 2019

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Background Bangladesh is one of the most anemia prone countries in South Asia. Children of age under five years and women of reproductive age are particularly vulnerable in this region. Although several studies have investigated the risk factors of anemia, only few have explored its association with malnutrition, despite its high prevalence in the same group. The objective of this paper is to investigate the association of malnutrition with anemia by conducting separate analyses for under-five children and women of reproductive age using data from the nationally representative 2011 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey. Methods Two binary outcome variables are considered separately: presence of anemia in children under five years of age (Hb<11.0 g/dl) and presence of anemia in women of childbearing age (Hb<12.0 g/dl). The exposures of interest corresponding to these two outcomes are stunting (low height-for-age) and low BMI (<18.5 kg/m 2 ), respectively. Preliminary analysis involves estimating the association between exposure and outcome while controlling for a single confounder by computing adjusted odds ratios (adjOR) using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel approach in stratified analysis. Later, associations between the exposures and outcomes are estimated separately for under-five children and women of reproductive age by fitting multivariable regression models that adjust simultaneously for several confounders. Results The prevalence of anemia is found to be higher among both the stunted children and women with low BMI compared to their healthy counterparts (Children: 56% vs 48%; women: 50% vs 43%). Furthermore, stunted children and women with low BMI have significantly increased odds of developing anemia, as reflected by the adjusted ORs of 1.76 (95% CI:1.10–2.83) and 1.81 (95% CI: 1.11–3.48), respectively. The association of stunting with anemia in children was modified by their age and socio-economic condition, where risk of being anemic decreases with increasing age but with a lower rate for stunted children from richest family. In addition, stunted children of anemic mothers are at greater risk of being anemic compared to non-stunted children of anemic or non-anemic mothers. Again the association between BMI and anemia in women is modified by the level of education, with risk of anemia being lowest among women with low BMI and higher education. Conclusion Evidence–based policies targeting the vulnerable groups are required to combat anemia and nutritional deficiencies simultaneously under the same program.

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The co‐occurrence of anaemia and stunting in young children

Cited by 39 publications

References 54 publications

Correlates and spatial distribution of the co-occurrence of childhood anaemia and stunting in Ghana

Correlates and spatial distribution of the co-occurrence of childhood anaemia and stunting in Ghana

Concurrent anemia and stunting in young children: prevalence, dietary and non-dietary associated factors

Association between malnutrition and anemia in under-five children and women of reproductive age: Evidence from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2011

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