Concurrent anemia and stunting in young children: prevalence, dietary and non-dietary associated factors

Mohammed, Shimels Hussien; Larijani, Bagher; Esmaillzadeh, Ahmad

doi:10.1186/s12937-019-0436-4

Cited by 68 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Both malnutrition and poor IYCF practices were found linked to various sociodemographic, health, and environmental factors. The finding was consistent with the multifactorial nature of malnutrition [13] and the reports of previous studies done in Ethiopia as well as other developing countries [11,[34][35][36].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The state of child nutrition in Ethiopia: an umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysis reports

Mohammed

Arero

Esmaillzadeh

2019

Preprint

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Background Various systematic review and meta-analysis (SRM) studies were done on nutritional statuses of children in Ethiopia, but no summary of the findings was done on the topic. Thus, this umbrella review was done to summarize the evidence from SRM studies on the magnitude and determinants of malnutrition and poor feeding practices among under-5 children in Ethiopia.Methods PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar were searched for SRM studies on the magnitude and risk factors of malnutrition and child feeding practice indicators in Ethiopia. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) tool. The estimates of the included SRM studies on the prevalence and determinants of stunting, wasting, underweight, and poor child feeding practices were pooled and summarized with random-effects meta-analysis models.Result We included nine SRM studies, containing a total of 214,458 under-5 children from 255 observation studies. The summary estimates of prevalence of stunting, underweight, and wasting were 42% (95%CI=37-46%), 33% (95%CI=27-39%), and 15% (95%CI=12-19%). The proportion of children who met the recommendations for timely initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months, and timely initiation of complementary feeding were 65%, 60%, and 62%, respectively. The proportion of children who met the recommendations for dietary diversity and meal frequency were 20%, and 56.0%, respectively. Only 10% of children fulfilled the minimum criteria of acceptable diet. There was a strong relationship between poor feeding practices and the state of malnutrition, and both conditions were related to various health, socio-economic, and environmental factors.Conclusion Child malnutrition and poor feeding practices are highly prevalent and of significant public health concern in Ethiopia. Only few children are getting proper complementary feeding. Multisectoral efforts are needed to improve children's feeding practices and reduce the high burden of malnutrition in the country.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The state of child nutrition in Ethiopia: an umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysis reports

Mohammed

Arero

Esmaillzadeh

2019

Preprint

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“…Both malnutrition and poor IYCF practices were found linked to various sociodemographic, health, and environmental factors. The nding was consistent with the multifactorial nature of malnutrition [13] and the reports of previous studies done in Ethiopia as well as other developing countries [11,[33][34][35]. According to the UNICEF conceptual framework of causation of malnutrition, the risk factors of malnutrition could be categorized as immediate, underlying, and basic determinants [8].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

The state of child nutrition in Ethiopia: an umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysis reports

Mohammed

Arero

Esmaillzadeh

2020

Preprint

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BackgroundMalnutrition remains to be a major public health problem in developing countries, particularly among children under-5 years of age children who are more vulnerable to both macro and micro-nutrient deficiencies. Various systematic review and meta-analysis (SRM) studies were done on nutritional statuses of children in Ethiopia, but no summary of the findings was done on the topic. Thus, this umbrella review was done to summarize the evidence from SRM studies on the magnitude and determinants of malnutrition and poor feeding practices among under-5 children in Ethiopia. Methods PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Sciences, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, and Google Scholar were searched for SRM studies on magnitude and risk factors of malnutrition and child feeding practice indicators in Ethiopia. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) tool. The estimates of the included SRM studies on the prevalence and determinants of stunting, wasting, underweight, and poor child feeding practices were pooled and summarized with random-effects meta-analysis models. ResultWe included nine SRM studies, containing a total of 214,458 under-5 children from 255 observation studies. The summary estimates of prevalence of stunting, underweight, and wasting were 42% (95%CI=37-46%), 33% (95%CI=27-39%), and 15% (95%CI=12-19%), respectively. The proportion of children who met the recommendations for timely initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months, and timely initiation of complementary feeding were 65%, 60%, and 62%, respectively. The proportion of children who met the recommendations for dietary diversity and meal frequency were 20%, and 56%, respectively. Only 10% of children fulfilled the minimum criteria of acceptable diet. There was a strong relationship between poor feeding practices and the state of malnutrition, and both conditions were related to various health, socio-economic, and environmental factors. ConclusionChild malnutrition and poor feeding practices are highly prevalent and of significant public health concern in Ethiopia. Only a few children are getting proper complementary feeding. Multi-sectoral efforts are needed to improve children’s feeding practices and reduce the high burden of malnutrition in the country.

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“…It did not increase in the treatment group to the level it should have reached following the trend of the control group which might be due to the increased egg and ESP intake. Stunting and anemia are now thought to be related [15]. After we adjusted for baseline anemia status, children in the treatment group were found to be 28% less likely to get stunted at endline when compared to controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Promotion of Egg and Eggshell Powder Consumption on the Nutritional Status of Young Children in Ethiopia

Omer¹,

Mulualem²,

Classen³

et al. 2019

IJFSNR

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Introduction: Complementary feeding presents a challenge for very young children in Ethiopia as these foods are generally thin cereals providing little protein and micronutrients. We tested whether an egg-a-day and eggshell powder (ESP) providing calcium (Ca) will improve nutritional status of young children in a 6-month randomized controlled cluster trial in Southern Ethiopia. Methods: Study sites were randomly selected kebeles (villages) and assigned to Intervention and Control groups. All eligible children 6-12 months were enrolled. Each child in Intervention kebeles received a gift of two egg laying chickens (n=122); families received education on poultry production and consumption of egg. ESP (500 mg Ca) was given to children at ≥12 mo. The Control group (n=128) had standard nutrition education. Baseline and endline outcome measures included knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of caregivers on the feeding of egg and ESP, anthropometry, child dietary intake frequencies, egg sensitivities, hemoglobin, and morbidity symptoms. Results: Egg and ESP consumption in Intervention children averaged 17 days/month compared to < 1 in Controls. KAP of mothers improved only in the intervention group (p<0.001). No true egg allergy occurred, however, 7.5% of Intervention children were sensitive to eggs. Linear regression analysis showed the egg+ESP intervention increased weight-forage z-score by 0.24 (95% CI, 0.11-0.37) and reduced underweight (RR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.16-0.74). Stunting prevalence increased in both groups, but by 28 % less in the treatment group (RR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.53-0.98) compared with control. Mean hemoglobin increased and anemia decreased in both groups, however, much greater anemia reduction [52% (RR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.24-0.96)] was seen in the treatment group. Conclusion: Promotion of egg and ESP consumption with poultry intervention significantly improved the nutritional status of young children, demonstrating the potential of an integrated approach to contribute to the country"s target to reduce malnutrition.

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Concurrent anemia and stunting in young children: prevalence, dietary and non-dietary associated factors

Cited by 68 publications

References 36 publications

The state of child nutrition in Ethiopia: an umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysis reports

The state of child nutrition in Ethiopia: an umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysis reports

The state of child nutrition in Ethiopia: an umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysis reports

Promotion of Egg and Eggshell Powder Consumption on the Nutritional Status of Young Children in Ethiopia

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