The Clinical Significance of the Primary MalignantMelanoma of the Lower Respiratory Tract and/or LungBased on the Analysis of Published Case Reports and of TwoPatients

Barzó, Pál; Minik, K; Tuka, P; Kišš, Ján

doi:10.1155/dte.1.169

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…PEBM’s primary nature is suggested by polypoid, intraluminal growth, in contrast to the disseminated pattern typical of metastases [ 16 ]. Nevertheless, the oncogenesis of primary endobronchial melanoma remains an intricate puzzle to solve.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 ). The data, summarized in Table 1 [ 5 , 11 , 12 , 16 , 18 – 33 ], spanned from 1963 to 2023, revealing a wide range of outcomes. Notably, 12 patients succumbed to the disease, with a median survival of 14 months (range 2–32 months), 4 were alive with the disease with a median follow-up of 12 months (range, 4–30), and 9 were without evidence of disease (NED) with a median follow-up of 15 months (range 7-108).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Primary endobronchial melanoma: a case report and clinical management indications

Barisione,

Boutros,

Mora

et al. 2024

BMC Pulm Med

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Background While cutaneous melanomas are well-documented, primary melanoma of the lung (PMML), particularly with endobronchial origin, remains rare and poorly characterized. This case report addresses gaps in understanding by presenting a comprehensive case of a 71-year-old male with primary endobronchial melanoma and conducting a systematic review of PMML cases. Case Presentation The patient, a former smoker, presented with dyspnea, cough, and hemoptysis. Imaging revealed left lung atelectasis and a suspicious nodule. Bronchoscopy identified an endobronchial mass, subsequently treated with argon plasma coagulation and resection. Biopsy confirmed melanoma. Extensive examinations ruled out a primary skin lesion. Despite initial treatment, recurrence led to pneumonectomy. Histopathology confirmed melanoma. The patient received treatment with pembrolizumab and ipilimumab, but with poor clinical benefit. Conclusions Primary endobronchial melanoma is a rare entity, comprising 0.01% of lung tumors. This case underscores diagnostic challenges and emphasizes histological criteria to distinguish primary from metastatic lesions. The pathogenesis remains unclear, with theories proposing foetal melanocyte migration or squamous metaplasia. Prognosis varies, necessitating radical surgical extirpation. A systematic review revealed diverse outcomes, supporting the need for further research. In conclusion, endobronchial melanoma involves an endoscopic and surgical management, but evolving therapies, such as immunotherapy, may reshape treatment paradigms. This case contributes to our understanding of PMML, guiding future research and clinical management. As therapeutic options evolve, continued research is crucial to refine our understanding and improve outcomes for this rare malignancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary endobronchial melanoma: a case report and clinical management indications

Barisione,

Boutros,

Mora

et al. 2024

BMC Pulm Med

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“…Microscopically, they present as lobular growth composed of cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm with varying degrees of brown granular melanin pigment, large nuclei, and intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions. These lesions are usually confused with metastatic melanomas or carcinoid tumors (56,57). The presence of the following features favor primary rather than metastatic melanomas: (1) junctional changes; (2) a solitary lesion; (3) no past history of a cutaneous, mucous membrane, or ocular lesion; and (4) no demonstrable tumor elsewhere at the time of diagnosis.…”

Section: Primary Malignant Melanoma Of the Lungmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracutaneous Malignant Melanomas

Hussein

2008

Cancer Investigation

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Extracutaneous malignant melanomas are rare tumors with vexing clinical presentation and grim prognosis. Only 4%-5% of all primary melanomas do not arise from the skin. These tumors are almost uniformly fatal, even in 2006. Although a fairly good number of these lesions were reported in the literature, the lack of a side-by-side analysis of these studies has resulted in tentative conclusions that merely offer a first glimpse at the clinicopathologic diversity of these lesions. To remedy this issue, this article took an aim at presenting a literature review concerning extracutaneous malignant melanomas. It also reports several cases of extracutaneous melanomas, which I came across in my 15 years of surgical and molecular pathology practice. The study raises several notions. Extracutaneous malignant melanomas are rare but extremely aggressive lesions with a grim outcome. They include ocular, metastatic, anorectal, mucosal, nail beds, conjunctival, vaginal, urogenital, orbital, esophageal, and leptomeningial malignant melanomas. The development of these lesions lacks an association with sun damage, family history, or precursor nevi. These lesions cause considerable diagnostic consternation and their distinction from other types of tumors (such as undifferentiated carcinomas, high-grade sarcomas, and lymphomas) is critical both from a diagnostic and prognostic point of view. In the proper clinical, histological, and cytological context, immunopositivity for S100 protein, HMB45, and vimentin allows the distinction of these malignant melanomas from other histologically similar malignancies. To conclude, extracutaneous melanoma should be considered while undifferentiated neoplasms, especially those displaying prominent eosinophilic nucleoli, and the coexistence of epithelioid and spindle cells. Special staining and immunohistochemistry should be resorted to establish the diagnosis.

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“…Very few cases of primary tracheal melanoma have been described and specific criteria were developed to define this diagnosis [2,3]. However, the presence of even benign melanocytes in the bronchopulmonary system is not usual [4].…”

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confidence: 99%