The clinical potential of augmented reality.

Vinci, Christine; Brandon, Karen O.; Kleinjan, Marloes; Brandon, Thomas H.

doi:10.1111/cpsp.12357

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…Augmented reality is an emerging technology that could provide a novel and exciting treatment strategy for substance use disorders [ 1 ]. Augmented reality superimposes virtual, digital objects into the real world environment, often via a smartphone or a tablet [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Augmented Reality for Smoking Cessation: Development and Usability Study

Vinci

Brandon

Kleinjan

et al. 2020

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth

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Background The recent widespread availability of augmented reality via smartphone offers an opportunity to translate cue exposure therapy for smoking cessation from the laboratory to the real world. Despite significant reductions in the smoking rates in the last decade, approximately 13.7% of the adults in the United States continue to smoke. Smoking-related cue exposure has demonstrated promise as an adjuvant therapy in the laboratory, but practical limitations have prevented its success in the real world. Augmented reality technology presents an innovative approach to overcome these limitations. Objective The aim of this study was to develop a smartphone app that presents smoking-related augmented reality images for cue exposure. Smokers provided feedback on the images and reported on the perceived urge to smoke, qualities of reality/coexistence, and general feedback about quality and functioning. The feedback was used to refine the augmented reality images within the app. Methods In collaboration with an augmented reality design company, we developed 6 smoking-related images (cigarette, lighter, ashtray, lit cigarette in ashtray, etc) and 6 neutral images similar in size or complexity for comparison (pen, eraser, notebook, soda bottle with droplets, etc). Ten smokers completed a survey of demographic characteristics, smoking history and behavior, dependence on nicotine, motivation to quit smoking, and familiarity with augmented reality technology. Then, participants viewed each augmented reality image and provided ratings on 10-point Likert scales for urge to smoke and reality/coexistence of the image into the scene. Participants were also queried with open-ended questions regarding the features of the images. Results Of the 10 participants, 5 (50%) had experienced augmented reality prior to the laboratory visit, but only 4 of those 5 participants used augmented reality at least weekly. Although the sample was small (N=10), smokers reported significantly higher urge to smoke after viewing the smoking-related augmented reality images (median 4.58, SD 3.49) versus the neutral images (median 1.42, SD 3.01) (Z=–2.14, P=.03; d=0.70). The average reality and coexistence ratings of the images did not differ between smoking-related and neutral images (all P>.29). Augmented reality images were found on average to be realistic (mean [SD] score 6.49 [3.11]) and have good environmental coexistence (mean [SD] score 6.93 [3.04]) and user coexistence (mean [SD] score 6.38 [3.27]) on the 10-point scale. Participant interviews revealed some areas of excellence (eg, details of the lit cigarette) and areas for improvement (eg, stability of images, lighting). Conclusions All images were generally perceived as being realistic and well-integrated into the environment. However, the smoking augmented reality images produced higher urge to smoke than the neutral augmented reality images. In total, our findings support the potential utility of augmented reality for cue exposure therapy. Future directions and next steps are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Augmented Reality for Smoking Cessation: Development and Usability Study

Vinci

Brandon

Kleinjan

et al. 2020

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth

Self Cite

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“…They also added that they could offer personalized debrief after the virtual exposure and address further the risk of subsequent relapse. Correspondingly, the importance of the practitioner's presence has not yet been investigated in the context of Augmented Reality (AR)-based interventions for substance abuse treatments, but, like VRT, the clinical potential of flexible exposure to triggers are considerable (Vinci et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Views of Practitioners and Researchers on the Use of Virtual Reality in Treatments for Substance Use Disorders

et al. 2021

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Virtual Reality Therapy (VRT) has been shown to be effective in treating anxiety disorders and phobias, but has not yet been widely tested for Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) and it is not known whether health care practitioners working with SUDs would use VRT if it were available. We report the results of an interview study exploring practitioners’ and researchers’ views on the utility of VRT for SUD treatment. Practitioners and researchers with at least two years’ experience delivering or researching and designing SUD treatments were recruited (n = 14). Interviews were thematically analyzed, resulting in themes relating to the safety and realism of VRT, and the opportunity for the additional insight it could offer to during SUD treatment. Participants were positive about employing VRT as an additional treatment for SUD. VRT was thought suitable for treating adults and people with mental health issues or trauma, provided that risks were appropriately managed. Subsequent relapse, trauma and over-confidence in the success of treatment were identified as risks. The opportunity VRT offered to include other actors in therapy (via avatar use), and observe reactions, were benefits that could not currently be achieved with other forms of therapy. Overall, VRT was thought to offer the potential for safe, realistic, personalized and insightful exposure to diverse triggering scenarios, and to be acceptable for integration into a wide range of SUD treatments.

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“…Thus far, AR has been used mostly in the fields of medicine (Eckert et al, 2019), training (Barsom et al, 2016), and rehabilitation (Williams et al, 2019), showing promising results. However, the application of AR in the field of clinical psychology is still limited and has focused mainly on the treatment of phobias (Vinci et al, 2020).…”

Section: Mixed Realities: Virtual and Augmented Realitymentioning

confidence: 99%

What is the Current and Future Status of Digital Mental Health Interventions?

2022

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The prevalence of mental disorders continues to increase, especially with the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although we have evidence-based psychological treatments to address these conditions, most people encounter some barriers to receiving this help (e.g., stigma, geographical or time limitations). Digital mental health interventions (e.g., Internet-based interventions, smartphone apps, mixed realities -virtual and augmented reality) provide an opportunity to improve accessibility to these treatments. This article summarizes the main contributions of the different types of digital mental health solutions. It analyzes their limitations (e.g., drop-out rates, lack of engagement, lack of personalization, lack of cultural adaptations) and showcases the latest sophisticated and innovative technological advances under the umbrella of precision medicine (e.g., digital phenotyping, chatbots, or conversational agents). Finally, future challenges related to the need for real world implementation of these interventions, the use of predictive methodology, and hybrid models of care in clinical practice, among others, are discussed.

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The clinical potential of augmented reality.

Cited by 26 publications

References 53 publications

Augmented Reality for Smoking Cessation: Development and Usability Study

Augmented Reality for Smoking Cessation: Development and Usability Study

Views of Practitioners and Researchers on the Use of Virtual Reality in Treatments for Substance Use Disorders

What is the Current and Future Status of Digital Mental Health Interventions?

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