The clinical diagnosis and management of urinary tract infections in children and adolescents

Abstract

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most common and serious bacterial infections encountered by paediatricians and primary care physicians. Although the diagnosis and management of UTI appear simplistic, they remain among the most contentious issues in paediatrics. In part, UTI controversies stem from the absence of classic clinical symptoms, inappropriate urine specimen collection, modified urinary tract imaging recommendations, and diverse treatment and prevention strategies. Recently published guidelines and large clinical trials have attempted to clarify UTI diagnostic and management strategies. In this manuscript, we review the diagnosis and management of acute and recurrent UTI in the paediatric and adolescent populations.

Draft Whole-Genome Sequence of a Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Strain Carrying the eae Gene

“…The main causative agent of UTI is uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), which represents about 75 to 90% of cases (1–3). …”

Editorial

“…This special issue provides examples of such a clinical approach, particularly the idiopathic and secondary forms of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome [5,6], neurological bladder [7] and acute kidney injury [8]. Also, more common diseases, for example, urinary tract infections [13] and post-infectious glomerulonephritis [4], should be diagnosed and treated bearing in mind the possibility of renal damage secondary to congenital kidney and urinary tract malformations and the persistence of kidney disease marked by the presence of proteinuria and haematuria, respectively.…”

Risk factors affecting the prognosis of urinary tract infection in Chinese pediatric patients: Single‐center experience

“…The most vulnerable groups are the neonates and infants who have not undergone circumcision, those with constipation and bowel dysfunction, as well as anatomic and functional anomalies of the urinary tract. Spinal injuries also predispose an individual to UTI . Typically, lower UTI such as cystitis are usually characterized by dysuria, as well as urgency and frequency of urination.…”

“…Spinal injuries also predispose an individual to UTI. 2 Typically, lower UTI such as cystitis are usually characterized by dysuria, as well as urgency and frequency of urination. Upper UTI such as acute pyelonephritis present not only with symptoms of lower UTI but also with systemic symptoms such as fever, vomiting, nausea and back pain.…”