The clinical application of three-dimensional motion capture (4D): a novel approach to quantify the dynamics of facial animations

Shujaat, Sohaib; Khambay, Balvinder; Ju, Xiangyang; Devine, J.C.; McMahon, Jeremy; Wales, Craig; Ayoub, Ashraf

doi:10.1016/j.ijom.2014.01.010

Cited by 38 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Before each capturing session, the system was calibrated according to an established protocol to configure the 3D orientation of the cameras to the face (18) . Participants were then shown photographic cue cards, which illustrate each of the facial expressions to avoid the emotional impact of facial muscle movements.…”

Section: D Facial Capture Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A set of 23 landmarks which proved their reliability by our research team (18,23) , were manually digitized on the first frame of the 3D image sequence of each facial expression.…”

Section: Data Processing and Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the facial landmarks, which are digitizes on the first 3D frame of the set of images, are tracked automatically through a video image sequence. This allows the analysis of motion patterns and evaluation of the magnitude and direction of facial movements (18) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reproducibility of the dynamics of facial expressions in unilateral facial palsy

Alagha

Morley

et al. 2018

International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

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Abstract:The aim of this study was to assess the reproducibility of non-verbal facial expressions in unilateral facial paralysis using the dynamic 4D imaging. Di4D system was utilized to record 5 facial expressions of 20-adult patients. The system captured 60 3D images/second; each facial expression took 3-4 seconds to record which generated a set of 180 3D facial images for each expression. The procedure was repeated after 30 minutes to assess the reproducibility of the expressions. A mathematical facial mesh which consists of thousand of quasi points "vertices" was conformed to the face to disclose the morphological characteristics in a comprehensive manner. The vertices of the conformed mesh were tracked throughout the sequence of the 180 3D images. Five key 3D facial frames of each sequence of images were analyzed.. We compared the 3D facial morphology at each of the five key frames of the first and the second capture of each facial expression to assess the reproducibility of the facial movements. The corresponding images were aligned using partial Procrustes analysis, the root square mean of the distances between these was calculated and statistically analyzed using paired student t-test at P=0.05. Facial expressions of lip purse, cheek puff and raising of the eyebrows were reproducible. The facial expressions of maximum smile and forceful eye closure were not reproducible. The limited coordination of various groups of facial muscles contributed to the lack of reproducibility of these facial expressions. The 4D imagining is a useful clinical tool for the assessment of facial expressions.Introduction:

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Section: D Facial Capture Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A set of 23 landmarks which proved their reliability by our research team (18,23) , were manually digitized on the first frame of the 3D image sequence of each facial expression.…”

Section: Data Processing and Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reproducibility of the dynamics of facial expressions in unilateral facial palsy

Alagha

Morley

et al. 2018

International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

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“…They have concluded that an accurate tracking solution facilitate the analysis of the dynamic motion. Shujaat et al (Shujaat et al, 2014) have pursued the study conducted in (Al-Anezi et al, 2013) and have developed a new method to quantify dynamic 3D facial animations, in order to characterize the dynamics of 3D lips movement in head, and neck oncology patients before and after lower lip split mandibulotomy. A dataset of 7 subjects aged 42-80 years old is collected.…”

Section: Prior Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Colors in between reflect a scale of the amount of bilateral asymmetry of the face. Compared to the 3D landmarks-based approach adopted in (Shujaat et al, 2014), our approach provides dense measurements of the bilateral asymmetry on the face. This could be of high importance for clinicians to evaluate locally the bilateral asymmetry of the face.…”

Section: Bilateral Facial Asymmetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial Asymmetry Assessment from 3D Shape Sequences: The Clinical Case of Facial Paralysis

Desrosiers

Bennis

Amor

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the 11th Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications

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Abstract:This paper addresses the problem of quantifying the facial asymmetry from dynamic 3D data. We investigate here the role of 4D (i.e. 3D+time) data to reveal the amount of both static and dynamic asymmetry, in a clinical use-case of facial paralysis. The final goal is to provide tools and solutions to clinicians for facial paralysis assessment and monitoring, which can provide qualitative and quantitative evaluations. To this end, the approach proposed here consider 3D facial sequences and adopt a recently-developed Riemannian approach for facial deformation analysis. After a preprocessing step, each frame of a given 3D sequence is approximated by an indexed collection of elastic radial curves. Riemannian shape analysis of obtained curves and their symmetrical counterparts, both elements of the same shape space, give rise to a feature vector, called Dense Scalar Fields (DSFs). The use of these DSFs reveals the amount of bilateral asymmetry of the face, when conveying expressions. That is, given a 3D frame, it is first reflected with respect to the YZ-plane, then compared to the obtained reflection using the DSFs. To exemplify the use of the proposed approach, a new dataset have been collected (of patients) before and after injecting Botulinum Toxin (BT) in related facial muscles. Experimental results obtained on this dataset show that the proposed approach allows clinicians to evaluate the facial asymmetry before and after the medical treatment.

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Integrated Management of the Orthognathic Patient

AlOtaibi,

Benington,

Ayoub

2023

Integrated Clinical Orthodontics

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The clinical application of three-dimensional motion capture (4D): a novel approach to quantify the dynamics of facial animations

Cited by 38 publications

References 29 publications

Reproducibility of the dynamics of facial expressions in unilateral facial palsy

Reproducibility of the dynamics of facial expressions in unilateral facial palsy

Facial Asymmetry Assessment from 3D Shape Sequences: The Clinical Case of Facial Paralysis

Integrated Management of the Orthognathic Patient

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