In this paper, we address the problem of quantifying the facial asymmetry from 3D face sequence (4D). We investigate the role of 4D data to reveal the amount of both static and dynamic asymmetry in the clinical case of facial paralysis. The goal is to provide tools to clinicians to evaluate quantitatively facial paralysis treatment based on Botulinum Toxin (BT), which can provide qualitative and quantitative evaluations. To this end, Dense Scalar Fields (DSFs), based on Riemannian analysis of 3D facial shape, is proposed to quantify facial deformations. To assess this approach, a new 3D facial sequences of 16 patients data set is collected, before and after injecting the BT. For each patient, we have collected 8 facial expressions before and after injecting BT. Experimental results obtained on this data set show that the proposed approach allows clinicians to evaluate more accurately the facial asymmetry before and after the treatment.
Head and neck reconstructive microsurgery in patients with calcified vessels (atherosclerosis 2 or radiotherapy) is challenging. Preoperative reconstruction planning should meticulously 3 evaluate the pedicle length and caliber aiming to select the most adapted free flap type and to plan the need for harvesting two free flaps or a venous graft. During surgery, end-to-end 5 microanastomosis should be preferred, without artery clamps on calcified vessels and using 6 open-loop sutures, a limited number of microsutures and a round needle with inside-outside 7 directed bites (no atherosclerotic plaque removal). Before declamping, fibrin sealants are 8 used to prevent minor leakage around the anastomosis as well as before wound closure to fix 9 the optimal position of the pedicle avoiding pressure on the vessels or pedicle kinking. 10 Calcified vessels are not a barrier to microsurgery and do not constitute a contraindication. 11 Several options are useful to safely perform microsurgical head and neck reconstruction.
Lengthening temporalis myoplasty is a well-established procedure for dynamic palliative reanimation of the lip in facial palsy sequelae. The particularity of this technique is that the entire temporal muscle is transferred from the coronoid process to the upper half of the lip without interposition of aponeurotic tissue. To date, no video describing the technique was available. This is the first video describing the entire procedure, from preoperative markings through postoperative rehabilitation. In the video presented herein, the authors craft virtual three-dimensional animations in addition to a live operation on a patient performed by Daniel Labb茅, who first described this technique 20 years ago.
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