The climate of the Common Era off the Iberian Peninsula

Abrantes, Fatima F; Rodrigues, Teresa; Rufino, Marta M.; Salgueiro, Emı́lia; Oliveira, Dulce; Gomes, Sandra Domingues; Oliveira, Paulo B.; Costa, Ana Novo; Mil-Homens, Mário; Drago, Teresa; Naughton, Filipa

doi:10.5194/cp-13-1901-2017

Cited by 50 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 89 publications

(117 reference statements)

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“…For the Mediterranean realm, generally long-term trends in sea surface temperature (SST) cooling (Kim et al, 2004;Martrat et al, 2014) and continental aridification (Fletcher and Sánchez Goñi, 2008;Ramos-Román et al, 2018a) are described, and are superimposed with several short cold and dry perturbations, e.g. the 8.2 ka event or the North Atlantic Bond events (Alley et al, 1997;Bond et al, 1997;Mayewski et al, 2004). Another prominent Holocene climate perturbation is the 4.2 ka event.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-decadal atmospheric and marine climate variability in southern Iberia during the mid- to late-Holocene

et al. 2019

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Abstract. To assess the regional multi-decadal to multi-centennial climate variability along the southern Iberian Peninsula during the mid- to late-Holocene record of paleo-environmental indicators from marine sediments were established for two sites in the Alboran Sea (ODP-161-976A) and the Gulf of Cádiz (GeoB5901-2). High-resolution records of organic geochemical properties and planktic foraminiferal assemblages are used to decipher precipitation and vegetation changes as well as hydrological conditions with respect to sea surface temperature (SST) and marine primary productivity (MPP). As a proxy for precipitation change, records of plant-derived n-alkane composition suggest a series of five distinct dry episodes in southern Iberia at 5.4±0.3 ka cal BP, from 5.1 to 4.9±0.1 ka cal BP, from 4.8 to 4.7±0.1 ka cal BP, from 4.4 to 4.3±0.1 ka cal BP, and at 3.7±0.1 ka cal BP. During each dry episode the vegetation suffered from reduced water availability. Interestingly, the dry phase from 4.4 to 4.3±0.1 ka cal BP is followed by a rapid shift towards wetter conditions revealing a more complex pattern in terms of its timing and duration than was described for the 4.2 ka event in other regions. The series of dry episodes as well as closely connected hydrological variability in the Alboran Sea were probably driven by NAO-like (North Atlantic Oscillation) variability. In contrast, surface waters in the Gulf of Cádiz appear to have responded more directly to North Atlantic cooling associated with Bond events. In particular, during Bond events 3 and 4, a pronounced increase in seasonality with summer warming and winter cooling is found.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-decadal atmospheric and marine climate variability in southern Iberia during the mid- to late-Holocene

et al. 2019

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“…At both the CALIBERIA and RAIA stations, the number of coccospheres is higher in the upper 50-m water and highest at 10 m, under more (but not extreme) oligotrophic conditions (Ausín et al, 2018). Alkenone temperatures appear to be associated to the late winter-spring in the western Iberian margin (Abrantes et al, 2017). We assumed that the alkenones temperatures can be compared with the Mg/Ca and δ 18 O G. ruber (white) species given that species is a shallow dweller with an average living depth in the NE Atlantic near 60 m (Rebotim et al, 2017).…”

Section: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatologymentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The δ 18 O w values were converted from Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water to Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite by subtracting 0.27‰ (Hut, 1987).Either δ 18 O predicted curves approach, using in situ temperature snapshot or longer climatology (WOA13 data set), can bias the results. Since in the region of the CALIBERIA station, 1 cm of the surface sediments corresponds to 40 years (Abrantes et al, 2017), the WOA13 data set approach represents a large period (1955-2012) average seawater temperature, but we do not have control on the quality of these data. Furthermore, neither the WOA13 database nor the published δ 18 O w database (LeGrande & Schmidt, 2006) have seawater δ 18 O w data for our region, except for our data and the δ 18 O w in Ib-F2 (Voelker et al, 2015b).…”

Section: δ 18 O and Mg/ca Thermometry Calibration Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that the spatial patterns of the relative abundances of planktonic foraminifera assemblage data ( Figure 5) mirror the actual hydrographic conditions and in close vicinity of the CALIBERIA station, 1 cm of the sediment column encompasses 40 years (Abrantes et al, 2017); we assumed that the lateral material transport and resuspension is not an important issue in these surface samples. Nonetheless, we are aware that a possible bias cannot be fully excluded.…”

Section: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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δ¹⁸O and Mg/Ca Thermometry in Planktonic Foraminifera: A Multiproxy Approach Toward Tracing Coastal Upwelling Dynamics

Salgueiro

Voelker

Martin

et al. 2020

Paleoceanog and Paleoclimatol

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Planktonic foraminifera δ18O and Mg/Ca ratios are widely considered as a powerful proxy to reconstruct past seawater‐column temperature. Due to the complex interpretation of planktonic foraminifera δ18O data in regard to past seawater temperatures, temperature determination based on the foraminifera shell Mg/Ca ratio is believed to be more accurate. Scarce Mg/Ca calibration data exists for coastal upwelling regions, resulting in incoherent results of past seawater reconstructions. The current study along the NW Iberia coastal upwelling system intends to define the best Mg/Ca temperature equation for the most representative species of this region (Neogloboquadrina incompta, Globigerina bulloides, and Globorotalia inflata). Seawater temperature from δ18O and Mg/Ca of these three planktonic foraminifera species was compared with the surface sediments alkenone derived SST and with the in situ temperatures measured at the depths where these foraminifera species currently live and calcify. The equations that better reflect each species calcification depth were selected as our regional equations for δ18O and Mg/Ca temperature reconstructions. The δ18O‐estimated temperatures for surface sediment specimens were comparable with in situ seawater‐column temperature measurements, whereas the Mg/Ca derived temperatures seem to underestimate in situ values, in special for G. bulloides from samples affected by stronger coastal upwelling. The G. bulloides δ18O and Mg/Ca estimated temperatures from samples located offshore, further from coastal upwelling influence, are comparable to surface sediment alkenone derived temperatures. Our study shows that in upwelling areas, regional calibration of planktonic foraminifera Mg/Ca temperature equations is necessary for reliable interpretations of high‐resolution past temperature variability in these important environments.

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“…Garcia-Herrera et al (2003) describe the main archives and discuss the techniques and strategies used to derive climaterelevant information from documentary records. Past drought and precipitation patterns have been inferred by exploring mainly rogation ceremonies and historical records from Catalonia (Martìn-Vide and Barriendos, 1995;Barriendos, 1997; Barriendos and Llasat, 2003;Trigo et al, 2009), Zaragoza (Vicente-Serrano and Cuadrat, 2007), Andalusia (Rodrigo et al, 1999(Rodrigo et al, , 2000, central Spain (Domínguez-Castro et al, 2008, 2012Domínguez-Castro and García-Herrera, 2016) and Portugal (Alcoforado et al, 2000). In northeastern Spain, the most important cities were located on the riverbanks of the Ebro Valley, which were surrounded by large areas of cropland ( Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rogation ceremonies: a key to understanding past drought variability in northeastern Spain since 1650

et al. 2019

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Abstract. In the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula, few studies have reconstructed drought occurrence and variability for the pre-instrumental period using documentary evidence and natural proxies. In this study, we compiled a unique dataset of rogation ceremonies – religious acts asking God for rain – from 13 cities in the northeast of Spain and investigated the annual drought variability from 1650 to 1899 CE. Three regionally different coherent areas (Mediterranean, Ebro Valley, and Mountain) were detected. Both the Barcelona and the regional Mediterranean drought indices were compared with the instrumental series of Barcelona for the overlapping period (1787–1899), where we discovered a highly significant and stable correlation with the Standardized Precipitation Index of May with a 4-month lag (r=-0.46 and r=-0.53; p<0.001, respectively). We found common periods with prolonged droughts (during the mid and late 18th century) and extreme drought years (1775, 1798, 1753, 1691, and 1817) associated with more atmospheric blocking situations. A superposed epoch analysis (SEA) was performed showing a significant decrease in drought events 1 year after the volcanic events, which might be explained by the decrease in evapotranspiration due to reduction in surface temperatures and, consequently, the higher availability of water that increases soil moisture. In addition, we discovered a common and significant drought response in the three regional drought indices 2 years after the Tambora volcanic eruption. Our study suggests that documented information on rogation ceremonies contains important independent evidence to reconstruct extreme drought events in areas and periods for which instrumental information and other proxies are scarce. However, drought index for the mountainous areas (denoted Mountain later in the text) presents various limitations and its interpretation must be treated with caution.

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The climate of the Common Era off the Iberian Peninsula

Cited by 50 publications

References 89 publications

Multi-decadal atmospheric and marine climate variability in southern Iberia during the mid- to late-Holocene

Multi-decadal atmospheric and marine climate variability in southern Iberia during the mid- to late-Holocene

δ¹⁸O and Mg/Ca Thermometry in Planktonic Foraminifera: A Multiproxy Approach Toward Tracing Coastal Upwelling Dynamics

Rogation ceremonies: a key to understanding past drought variability in northeastern Spain since 1650

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The climate of the Common Era off the Iberian Peninsula

Cited by 50 publications

References 89 publications

Multi-decadal atmospheric and marine climate variability in southern Iberia during the mid- to late-Holocene

Multi-decadal atmospheric and marine climate variability in southern Iberia during the mid- to late-Holocene

δ18O and Mg/Ca Thermometry in Planktonic Foraminifera: A Multiproxy Approach Toward Tracing Coastal Upwelling Dynamics

Rogation ceremonies: a key to understanding past drought variability in northeastern Spain since 1650

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δ¹⁸O and Mg/Ca Thermometry in Planktonic Foraminifera: A Multiproxy Approach Toward Tracing Coastal Upwelling Dynamics