The Cleistogamous Breeding System: A Review of Its Frequency, Evolution, and Ecology in Angiosperms

Culley, Theresa M.; Klooster, Matthew R.

doi:10.1663/0006-8101(2007)73[1:tcbsar]2.0.co;2

Cited by 201 publications

(304 citation statements)

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“…Cleistogamy, characterized by closed flowers that are self-pollinated and can produce fruits and seeds as a result of autogamy, contrasts with chasmogamy, characterized by opened flowers that can be cross-pollinated and produce fruits and seeds by allogamy (Uphof, 1938;Lord, 1981;Culley and Klooster, 2007). Darwin (1877) first reported cleistogamy as a common phenomenon widely distributed among the angiosperms and likely to have evolved from chasmogamy to ensure seed set by selfing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Darwin (1877) first reported cleistogamy as a common phenomenon widely distributed among the angiosperms and likely to have evolved from chasmogamy to ensure seed set by selfing. Cleistogamy is widespread and has been reported in at least 693 angiosperm species from 228 genera and 50 families (Culley and Klooster, 2007). There is no unique feature of cleistogamy, but it can be classified into three categories (reviewed in Culley and Klooster, 2007): dimorphic cleistogamy, in which prominent floral differences in cleistogamy and chasmogamy floral morphology result from divergent developmental pathways; complete cleistogamy, in which individual plants produce only cleistogamous flowers; and induced cleistogamy, in which the environment arrests the development of chasmogamous flowers prior to anthesis and results in a mechanical failure of the flowers to open.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although cleistogamy leads to inbreeding depression, it also may be advantageous for plants (reviewed in Culley and Klooster, 2007). The advantages include reproductive assurance (e.g., when pollinators are rare) and reduced resources needed for reproduction (Schemske, 1978;Waller, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Dominant Point Mutation in a RINGv E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Homoeologous Gene Leads to Cleistogamy inBrassica napus

Arnaud

Belcram

et al. 2012

The Plant Cell

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In the allopolyploid Brassica napus, we obtained a petal-closed flower mutation by ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis. Here, we report cloning and characterization of the Bn-CLG1A (CLG for cleistogamy) gene and the Bn-clg1A-1D mutant allele responsible for the cleistogamy phenotype. Bn-CLG1A encodes a RINGv E3 ubiquitin ligase that is highly conserved across eukaryotes. In the Bn-clg1A-1D mutant allele, a C-to-T transition converts a Pro at position 325 to a Leu (P325L), causing a dominant mutation leading to cleistogamy. B. napus and Arabidopsis thaliana plants transformed with a Bn-clg1A-1D allele show cleistogamous flowers, and characterization of these flowers suggests that the Bn-clg1A-1D mutation causes a pronounced negative regulation of cutin biosynthesis or loading and affects elongation or differentiation of petal and sepal cells. This results in an inhibition or a delay of petal development, leading to folded petals. A homoeologous gene (Bn-CLG1C), which shows 99.5% amino acid identity and is also constitutively and equally expressed to the wild-type Bn-CLG1A gene, was also identified. We showed that P325L is not a loss-of-function mutation and did not affect expression of Bn-clg1A-1D or Bn-CLG1C. Our findings suggest that P325L is a gain-of-function semidominant mutation, which led to either hyper-or neofunctionalization of a redundant homoeologous gene.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Dominant Point Mutation in a RINGv E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Homoeologous Gene Leads to Cleistogamy inBrassica napus

Arnaud

Belcram

et al. 2012

The Plant Cell

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“…FHB infection usually occurs after germination of the conidia on the inner surfaces of lemmas and paleae (Zange et al 2005); however, the anther also could be a source of FHB infection (Dickson et al 1921, Pugh et al 1933, reviewed by Walter et al 2010). In barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), cleistogamous (CL) cultivars, which selffertilize within permanently closed flowers (Culley and Klooster 2007), showed greater resistance to FHB infection than chasmogamous (CH) cultivars, which have open flowers (Yoshida et al 2005). Since 'U24' is a CL wheat cultivar (Ueno and Itoh 1997) (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of cleistogamy on Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat

et al. 2010

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In wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance is an important breeding target to reduce yield losses and mycotoxin contamination. We hypothesized that cleistogamous (CL, closed flowering) cultivars have a lower risk of FHB infection than chasmogamous (CH, opened flowering) cultivars because FHB infection usually occurs in the inside of florets or extracted anthers and FHB resistance in CL cultivars decreases mycotoxin accumulation. To test these hypotheses, we produced 126 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between common wheat varieties 'U24' (CL variety) and 'Saikai 165' (CH variety). Although 'U24' and 'Saikai 165' are both resistant to FHB infection, 'U24' is susceptible to FHB spread, grain deterioration, and mycotoxin accumulation compared with 'Saikai 165'. Among the RILs, there were significant differences in all of the tested traits. Although the CL RILs showed less initial FHB infection than CH RILs, there were no significant differences in grain deterioration and mycotoxin accumulation between the 2 groups. An FHB-resistant quantitative trait locus (QTL) located on chromosome 3BS increased resistance to FHB spread, grain deterioration, and mycotoxin accumulation; however, not all CL RILs with this QTL accumulated less mycotoxin than 'Saikai 165'.

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“…A long photoperiod could inhibit the development of partial stamens and petals, and a short photoperiod could prevent the suppression of long-day light and promote the development of stamens and petals. (Stebbins, 1957;Beattie, 1976;Solbrig, 1976), 降低自交衰退及由生境改变而引起的灭绝风险 (Schemske, 1978;Schoen & Lloyd, 1984); 而闭锁花绝对的自交能在远交不利的情况下为植物提供繁殖保障 (Schemske, 1978;Campbell, 1982), 保存有利的基因型 (Stebbins, 1957;Beattie, 1976;Solbrig, 1976), 防止有害基因渗入 (Waller, 1984), 减少因吸引传粉者所需的能量投入 (Solbrig, 1976;Schemske, 1978;Waller, 1979), 并在不利的环境下保护花的生殖器官 (Campbell, 1982;Campbell et al, 1983)。堇菜属(Viola)广泛分布在北温带及热带地区的山地森林中 (Wahlert et al, 2014), 全球有525-600种, 其中, 80多种具有开放花与闭锁花的混合繁育系统 (Culley & Klooster, 2007), 且在一些物种中有形态介于开放花与完全闭锁花之间的过渡闭锁花类型 (Lord, 1981;Culley & Klooster, 2007;Li et al, 2016;Malobecki et al, 2016) Hardenack et al, 1994;Ainsworth et al, 1995;Kater et al, 2001;Li et al, 2012)。在紫花地丁中, 两型花的形态差异也出现在花芽发育的中后期, 部分花器…”

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