The Class III Gibberellin 2-Oxidases AtGA2ox9 and AtGA2ox10 Contribute to Cold Stress Tolerance and Fertility

Lange, Theodor; Krämer, Carolin; Lange, Maria João Pimenta

doi:10.1104/pp.20.00594

Cited by 34 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Growth inhibition could be the result of metabolic activity attenuation and seems to be critical for cold resilience. Indeed, activation of growth signals under low temperature has a negative impact on plants chilling tolerance (Lange et al, 2020 ; Li et al, 2021b ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Quality Modulates Plant Cold Response and Freezing Tolerance

Kameniarová

Černý²,

Novák³

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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The cold acclimation process is regulated by many factors like ambient temperature, day length, light intensity, or hormonal status. Experiments with plants grown under different light quality conditions indicate that the plant response to cold is also a light-quality-dependent process. Here, the role of light quality in the cold response was studied in 1-month-old Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0) plants exposed for 1 week to 4°C at short-day conditions under white (100 and 20 μmol m−2s−1), blue, or red (20 μmol m−2s−1) light conditions. An upregulated expression of CBF1, inhibition of photosynthesis, and an increase in membrane damage showed that blue light enhanced the effect of low temperature. Interestingly, cold-treated plants under blue and red light showed only limited freezing tolerance compared to white light cold-treated plants. Next, the specificity of the light quality signal in cold response was evaluated in Arabidopsis accessions originating from different and contrasting latitudes. In all but one Arabidopsis accession, blue light increased the effect of cold on photosynthetic parameters and electrolyte leakage. This effect was not found for Ws-0, which lacks functional CRY2 protein, indicating its role in the cold response. Proteomics data confirmed significant differences between red and blue light-treated plants at low temperatures and showed that the cold response is highly accession-specific. In general, blue light increased mainly the cold-stress-related proteins and red light-induced higher expression of chloroplast-related proteins, which correlated with higher photosynthetic parameters in red light cold-treated plants. Altogether, our data suggest that light modulates two distinct mechanisms during the cold treatment - red light-driven cell function maintaining program and blue light-activated specific cold response. The importance of mutual complementarity of these mechanisms was demonstrated by significantly higher freezing tolerance of cold-treated plants under white light.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Quality Modulates Plant Cold Response and Freezing Tolerance

Kameniarová

Černý²,

Novák³

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…In order to understand the mechanisms for the drought-induced changes in GA content, RNA-seq was used to determine differential gene expression under drought for the four tissue types. Abiotic stress has been shown to induce increased expression of GA2ox genes [ 13 ] with evidence from work with Arabidopsis and tomato that this is at least partly responsible for the stress-induced physiological response [ 33 , 36 , 40 , 41 , 61 ]. In both sections of the droughted fourth leaf, there was strong up-regulation of TaGA2ox4 , with TaGA2ox3 and TaGA2ox10 also up-regulated in the remaining leaf, but not in the lower leaf sheath.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GA 12 and GA 53 are converted by the soluble 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases GA 20-oxidase (GA20ox) and GA 3-oxidase (GA3ox) to the biologically active C 19 -GA end-products GA 4 and GA 1 , respectively. GA turnover occurs primarily through the action of the inactivating GA 2-oxidases (GA2ox), of which there are two families, acting on C 19 -GAs or C 20 -GAs, respectively [ 36 – 39 ]. Up-regulation of GA2ox genes to reduce GA content and promote DELLA accumulation has been shown to occur in response to abiotic stress, with examples from Arabidopsis for up-regulation of the AtGA2ox7 paralogue in response to salt [ 40 ] and mechanical stimulus [ 41 ], and of several GA2ox genes in response to cold [ 33 , 36 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GA turnover occurs primarily through the action of the inactivating GA 2-oxidases (GA2ox), of which there are two families, acting on C 19 -GAs or C 20 -GAs, respectively [ 36 – 39 ]. Up-regulation of GA2ox genes to reduce GA content and promote DELLA accumulation has been shown to occur in response to abiotic stress, with examples from Arabidopsis for up-regulation of the AtGA2ox7 paralogue in response to salt [ 40 ] and mechanical stimulus [ 41 ], and of several GA2ox genes in response to cold [ 33 , 36 ]. Pearce et al [ 42 ] identified 7 C 19 -GA2ox paralogues, excluding homoeologues, and 5 C 20 -GA2ox paralogues in the wheat genome but there is limited information on their involvement in stress responses for this species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in the concentrations and transcripts for gibberellins and other hormones in a growing leaf and roots of wheat seedlings in response to water restriction

et al. 2022

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Background Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a major source of nutrition globally, but yields can be seriously compromised by water limitation. Redistribution of growth between shoots and roots is a common response to drought, promoting plant survival, but reducing yield. Gibberellins (GAs) are necessary for shoot and root elongation, but roots maintain growth at lower GA concentrations compared with shoots, making GA a suitable hormone for mediating this growth redistribution. In this study, the effect of progressive drought on GA content was determined in the base of the 4th leaf and root tips of wheat seedlings, containing the growing regions, as well as in the remaining leaf and root tissues. In addition, the contents of other selected hormones known to be involved in stress responses were determined. Transcriptome analysis was performed on equivalent tissues and drought-associated differential expression was determined for hormone-related genes. Results After 5 days of applying progressive drought to 10-day old seedlings, the length of leaf 4 was reduced by 31% compared with watered seedlings and this was associated with significant decreases in the concentrations of bioactive GA1 and GA4 in the leaf base, as well as of their catabolites and precursors. Root length was unaffected by drought, while GA concentrations were slightly, but significantly higher in the tips of droughted roots compared with watered plants. Transcripts for the GA-inactivating gene TaGA2ox4 were elevated in the droughted leaf, while those for several GA-biosynthesis genes were reduced by drought, but mainly in the non-growing region. In response to drought the concentrations of abscisic acid, cis-zeatin and its riboside increased in all tissues, indole-acetic acid was unchanged, while trans-zeatin and riboside, jasmonate and salicylic acid concentrations were reduced. Conclusions Reduced leaf elongation and maintained root growth in wheat seedlings subjected to progressive drought were associated with attenuated and increased GA content, respectively, in the growing regions. Despite increased TaGA2ox4 expression, lower GA levels in the leaf base of droughted plants were due to reduced biosynthesis rather than increased catabolism. In contrast to GA, the other hormones analysed responded to drought similarly in the leaf and roots, indicating organ-specific differential regulation of GA metabolism in response to drought.

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“…A number of auxin-related genes, such as auxin biosynthetic genes (CYP79B3 and CYP83B1) and auxin carrier genes (LAX1 and LAX2), are down-regulated in CBF overexpression lines, indicating that functional networks of CBFs are closely associated with auxin biosynthesis and transport. Additionally, expression of the genes encoding RGL3 (a negative regulator of GA signaling), GA2ox9 (GA2-oxidase performing 2ahydroxylation of C 19 -GAs) and GAMT2 (methyltransferase involved in GA deactivation) is up-regulated in CBF overexpression lines, resulting in a decrease in plant growth (Lange et al, 2020). Moreover, plant dwarfism caused by CBF overexpression is rescued by exogenous GA treatment (Achard et al, 2008), indicating that CBF function is intimately connected with GA signaling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox‐mediated structural and functional switching of C‐repeat binding factors enhances plant cold tolerance

Lee

Park

et al. 2021

New Phytologist

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C-repeat binding factors (CBFs) are key cold-responsive transcription factors that play pleiotropic roles in the cold acclimation, growth, and development of plants. Cold-sensitive cbf knockout mutants and cold-tolerant CBF overexpression lines exhibit abnormal phenotypes at warm temperatures, suggesting that CBF activity is precisely regulated, and a critical threshold level must be maintained for proper plant growth under normal conditions. Cold-inducible CBFs also exist in warm-climate plants but as inactive disulfide-bonded oligomers. However, upon translocation to the nucleus under a cold snap, the h2-isotype of cytosolic thioredoxin (Trx-h2), reduces the oxidized (inactive) CBF oligomers and the newly synthesized CBF monomers, thus producing reduced (active) CBF monomers. Thus, the redox-dependent structural switching and functional activation of CBFs protect plants under cold stress.

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The Class III Gibberellin 2-Oxidases AtGA2ox9 and AtGA2ox10 Contribute to Cold Stress Tolerance and Fertility

Abstract: The class-III gibberellin 2-oxidases AtGA2ox9 and AtGA2ox10 contribute to cold stress tolerance and fertility

Cited by 34 publications

References 39 publications

Light Quality Modulates Plant Cold Response and Freezing Tolerance

Light Quality Modulates Plant Cold Response and Freezing Tolerance

Changes in the concentrations and transcripts for gibberellins and other hormones in a growing leaf and roots of wheat seedlings in response to water restriction

Redox‐mediated structural and functional switching of C‐repeat binding factors enhances plant cold tolerance

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