The cladded parabolic-index profile waveguide: analysis and application to stripe-geometry lasers

Adams, Matthew

doi:10.1007/bf00620240

Cited by 35 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…In the experiments, the transverse guided modes of the TE and TM modes of the same order are nearly degenerate because of the weakly guiding situation [18]. The mth guided mode along the thickness direction confined in the gain region of the thermally induced refractive index planar waveguide laser is determined by [17]:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 that a distribution in the shape of a parabola was formed for the Er:YSGG slab along the thickness direction for the dual-side-pumped method. This means the dual-side-pumped Er:YSGG slab can be seen as a thermally induced refractive index planar waveguide, which forms optical confinement for guided modes [17]. In the experiments, the transverse guided modes of the TE and TM modes of the same order are nearly degenerate because of the weakly guiding situation [18].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance of continuous-wave laser-diode side-pumped Er:YSGG slab lasers at 2.79 μm

et al. 2015

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at the 3-µm transition are attractive for use as pump sources for tunable mid-IR generation using optical parametric oscillation (OPO) or optical parametric generation (OPG) laser systems [4,5], which have broad applications in spectroscopy and atmospheric detection [6]. A simplified Er 3+ energy level diagram is shown in Fig. 1. The 4 I 11/2 upper laser state is directly pumped with a 970-nm laser-diode, and the laser output at 2.79 µm from Er 3+ -doped lasers is because of a transition between the 4 I 11/2 and the 4 I 13/2 energy levels [7]. According to classical laser theory, continuous-wave (CW) operation of the Er 3+ -doped laser is impossible because the upper lasing level has a shorter lifetime than the lower one [8]. However, because of the complex energy transfer processes inherent in these systems and the splitting of the laser levels into manifolds of Stark sub-levels, efficient CW operation for the Er 3+ -doped laser at 2.79 µm was achieved [9].The Er:Y 3 Sc 2 Ga 3 O 12 (Er:YSGG) crystal was demonstrated to be an excellent laser material for a diode-pumped laser at 2.79 µm because of its lower laser threshold and higher laser efficiency compared with other Er 3+ -doped garnet crystals, such as Er:YAG and Er:GGG crystals [10]. Dinerman et al. [9] reported a CW laser output with a power of 511 mW at 2.79 µm from a laser-diode-pumped Er:YSGG crystal. Waarts et al. [11] obtained a 900-mW CW laser output at 2.8 µm using a laser-diode array to pump the Er:YSGG microlaser arrays. Jensen et al. [12] reported a free-running laser with pulse energy of 40 mJ at 20 Hz from a quasi-continuous-wave (QCW) diode end-pumped monolithic Er:YSGG crystal. Arbabzadah et al. obtained a free-running pulse energy of up to 55 mJ at 14 Hz with a QCW diode pumping the Er:YSGG crystal [13]. Recently, we obtained a CW laser output at 2.79 µm with a power of 900 mW from a laser-diode end-pumped composite YSGG/ Er:YSGG crystal [14]. However, because of the thermal Abstract The performance of a laser-diode side-pumped Er:YSGG slab at a wavelength of 2.79 µm was investigated experimentally, and the laser output mode was analyzed using the theory of a thermally induced refractive index planar waveguide. Experimentally, a maximum continuouswave output of 1.84 W with a slope efficiency of 11.2 %, and an optical-to-optical efficiency of 7.5 % at 2.79 µm was obtained with a 970-nm laser-diode dual-side-pumped Er:YSGG slab. To the best of our knowledge, the output power was the highest reported for a laser-diode-pumped Er:YSGG laser with a continuous-wave output at 2.79 µm. The numerical analysis showed that the output power was mainly limited by thermal effects in the thickness direction and the laser output transverse mode in the experiment was the fundamental mode in this direction.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of continuous-wave laser-diode side-pumped Er:YSGG slab lasers at 2.79 μm

et al. 2015

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“…14,15 Thus, ⊿v m can be determined using the perturbation method detailed by Adams. The guided mode for an extended parabolic-index waveguide is well known as the Hermite-Gaussian function, and a clad parabolic-index waveguide can be regarded as a perturbation case of an extended parabolic-index waveguide.…”

Section: ͑2͒mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal-induced refractive-index planar waveguide laser

Kang

Zhang

Wang

2009

Applied Physics Letters

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“…Because of the high nonlinearity and mixed (elliptic/parabolic/hyperbolic) nature of the partial differential equation (PDE) systems, spatial discretization becomes crucial for accurate device simulation [1]. Some early attempts were made by using the conventional finiteelement method (FEM) and finite-difference (FD) schemes [2,3], but they are impractical for semiconductor simulation. A fundamental step in the development of stable numerical schemes was made by Scharfetter and Gummel for 1D current continuity equation, which was later extended to 2D and 3D cases by the so-called generalized FD or finite-box approach [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Except for a few special refractive index profile shapes that allow explicit field solutions, the guided modes capable of propagating along the fiber must be determined by approximate methods, such as the perturbation method [1,2], the WKB method [3,4] or the variational method [5][6][7][8][9][10], which are reviewed in [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Ritz‐Galerkin method for field distribution of graded‐index optical fibers

Wang

Zhang

Meunier

2003

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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The cladded parabolic-index profile waveguide: analysis and application to stripe-geometry lasers

Cited by 35 publications

References 52 publications

Performance of continuous-wave laser-diode side-pumped Er:YSGG slab lasers at 2.79 μm

Performance of continuous-wave laser-diode side-pumped Er:YSGG slab lasers at 2.79 μm

Thermal-induced refractive-index planar waveguide laser

Improved Ritz‐Galerkin method for field distribution of graded‐index optical fibers

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