“…The first pair of muscles always arises dorsally, sometimes in segment 2 (Eurygaster), segment 3 (Leptopterna), segment 5 (Dysdercus, Heterogaster, Enoplops, Elasmostethus, Dolichonabis, Velia and Gerris) or segment 6 (Triatoma and Phonoctonus). According to Wooley (1951), the first pair in Leptocoris arise from the posterior margin of segment 3, but it appears that he regarded the first apparent abdominal sternite as belong to segment 1, whereas it is here regarded as belonging to the second segment ; hence in Leptocoris the first pair of muscles arise from tergite 4. Posteriorly, the heart is held in position by two caudal muscles or filaments, which may arise from the lateral body wall in segments 8,9 or 10, or may be attached to the rectum.…”