The dorsal vessel and associated structures in some Heteroptera

Hinks, C. F.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1966.tb00830.x

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The aliform muscles 8 and 9 originate on the tergum in those Auchenorrhyncha for which this character has been examined. In contrast, Hinks () indicated that these muscles originate on the sternum in all Heteroptera examined by him. Our analyses recovered this feature as a synapomorphy for Heteroptera.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Alary muscles of heart: (0) extending across 6–8 abdominal segments; (1) restricted to abdominal segments 5–8. Information on alary muscles is coded from Hinks (), who examined and illustrated representatives of all infraorders except Dipsocoromorpha (here coded as “?”). He found that the alary muscles in Nepomorpha extend across six to eight abdominal segments, similar to the situation in non‐heteropteran Hemiptera.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Origin of aliform muscle AM7 on heart: (0) on tergum only; (1) on sternum only; (2) split between tergum and sternum. Hinks () found that the aliform muscle 7 originates on the tergum only in Auchenorrhyncha and Nepomorpha, on the sternum only in Gerromorpha, Leptopodomorpha, and most Terheteroptera, but that it is split between the tergum and sternum in Reduviidae (Pachynomidae not observed). The sternal position of AM7 is here recovered as a synapomorphy of Heteroptera except the Nepomorpha, with the split condition being a synapomorphy for Reduviidae or Reduvioidea (P/ML).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have coded several characters that have not previously been incorporated into phylogenetic analyses of Heteroptera, but where comparative data have been published across Heteroptera, Auchenorrhyncha and Coleorrhyncha that allow for meaningful coding. These included features of the dorsal vessel such as the arrangement of alary muscles as documented by Hinks () and characters derived from the intestinal tract that was studied and carefully illustrated by Miyamoto (). We also take advantage of some recent character exploration, such as wing‐to‐wing and wing‐to‐body coupling devices documented by Weirauch and Cassis ().…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is true for character systems that are widely used in other taxa, such as wing venation and male and female genital structures. Characters were coded from voucher specimens or other conspecific specimens, images and the literature (e.g., Pendergrast, ; Miyamoto, ; Hinks, ; Cobben, , ; Davis and Usinger, ; Carayon, ; Bourgoin, ; Dietrich, ; Burckhardt, ; Dmitriev, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Revisiting habitat and lifestyle transitions in Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera): insights from a combined morphological and molecular phylogeny

et al. 2018

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Heteroptera, the true bugs, are part of the largest clade of non-holometabolous insects, the Hemiptera, and include > 42 000 described species in about 90 families. Despite progress in resolving phylogenetic relationships between and within infraorders since the first combined morphological and molecular analysis published in 1993 (29 taxa, 669 bp, 31 morphological characters), recent hypotheses have relied entirely on molecular data. Weakly supported nodes along the backbone of Heteroptera made these published phylogenies unsuitable for investigations into the evolution of habitats and lifestyles across true bugs. Here we present the first combined morphological and molecular analyses of Heteroptera since 1993, using 135 taxa in 60 families, 4018 aligned bp of ribosomal DNA and 81 morphological characters, and various analytical approaches. The sister-group relationship of the predominantly aquatic Nepomorpha with all remaining Heteroptera is supported in all analyses, and a clade formed by Enicocephalomorpha, Dipsocoromorpha and Gerromorpha in some. All analyses recover Leptopodomorpha + (Cimicomorpha + Pentatomomorpha), mostly with high support. Parsimony-and likelihood-based ancestral state reconstructions of habitats and lifestyles on the combined likelihood phylogeny provide new insights into the evolution of true bugs. The results indicate that aquatic and semi-aquatic true bugs invaded these habitats three times independently from terrestrial habitats in contrast to a recent hypothesis. They further suggest that the most recent common ancestor of Heteroptera was predacious, and that the two large predominantly phytophagous clades (Trichophora and Miroidea) are likely to have derived independently from predatory ancestors. We conclude that by combining morphological and molecular data and employing various analytical methods our analyses have converged on a relatively well-supported hypothesis of heteropteran infraordinal relationships that now requires further testing using phylogenomic and more extensive morphological datasets.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Revisiting habitat and lifestyle transitions in Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera): insights from a combined morphological and molecular phylogeny

et al. 2018

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Morphology of the dorsal vessel in the abdomen of the blood‐feeding insect rhodnius prolixus

Chiang

Davey

1990

Journal of Morphology

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The dorsal vessel (DV) in the abdomen of the blood-feeding insect Rhodnius prolixus was divided functionally into two regions, the heart, into which haemolymph entered the DV through four pairs of ostia located in abdominal segment VII, and the aorta, along which the haemolymph was propelled from abdominal segment VI to the thorax. Osmium-fixed whole mounts revealed the DV to consist of spirally arranged striated muscle fibers and to possess two rows of ventrally attached longitudinal fibers extending the length of the abdomen. Seven pairs of alary muscles were found attached to the DV in the posterior abdominal segments. Contractions of the alary muscles attached to the ventral surface of abdominal segments VII and VIII served to expand the heart. Electron microscopy revealed the DV to consist of a thin layer of contractile elements surrounded by an inner (intima) and outer (adventitia) connective tissue layer. Embedded in the intima along each lateral side of the DV were two large groups of endocardial cells extending the length of the DV. A small group of pericardial cells was embedded in the adventitia along the mid-ventral side of the DV, and clusters of pericardial cells were found attached to the alary muscles. Nerve terminals were found only on the heart: they contained agranular synaptic vesicles approximately 30 nm in diameter and densely stained granules approximately 100-120 nm in diameter. These structural components are discussed in relation to the role of the DV in circulation.

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Pharmacological analysis of heartbeat in Drosophila

Singh

1995

J. Neurobiol.

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Analysis of the mechanisms underlying cardiac excitability can be facilitated greatly by mutations that disrupt ion channels and receptors involved in this excitability. With an extensive repertoire of such mutations, Drosophila provides the best available genetic model for these studies. However, the use of Drosophila for this purpose has been severely handicapped by lack of a suitable preparation of heart and a complete lack of knowledge about the ionic currents that underlie its excitability. We describe a simple preparation to measure heartbeat in Drosophila. This preparation was used to ask if heartbeat in Drosophila is myogenic in origin, and to determine the types of ion channels involved in influencing the heart rate. Tetrodotoxin, even at a high concentration of 40 microM, did not affect heart rate, indicating that heartbeat may be myogenic in origin and that it may not be determined by Na+ channels. Heart rate was affected by PN200-110, verapamil, and diltiazem, which block vertebrate L-type Ca2+ channels. Thus, L-type channels, which contribute to the prolonged plateau of action potentials in vertebrate heart, may play a role in Drosophila cardiac excitability. It also suggests that Drosophila heart is subject to a similar intervention by organic Ca2+ channel blockers as the vertebrate heart. A role for K+ currents in the function of Drosophila heart was suggested by an effect of tetraethylammonium, which blocks all the four identified K+ currents in the larval body wall muscles, and quinidine, which blocks the delayed rectifier K+ current in these muscles. The preparation described here also provides an extremely simple method for identifying mutations that affect heart rate. Such mutations and pharmacological agents will be very useful for analyzing molecular components of cardiac excitability in Drosophila.

show abstract

The dorsal vessel and associated structures in some Heteroptera

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

Revisiting habitat and lifestyle transitions in Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera): insights from a combined morphological and molecular phylogeny

Revisiting habitat and lifestyle transitions in Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera): insights from a combined morphological and molecular phylogeny

Morphology of the dorsal vessel in the abdomen of the blood‐feeding insect rhodnius prolixus

Pharmacological analysis of heartbeat in Drosophila

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