The circadian typology: the role of physical activity and melatonin

Montaruli, A.; Galasso, Letizia; Caumo, Andrea; Cè, Emiliano; Pesenti, Cristiana; Roveda, Eliana; Esposito, Fabio

doi:10.1007/s11332-017-0389-y

Cited by 44 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Multiple oscillators distributed throughout the body along with a central pacemaker located within the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus coordinating the whole structure are the main components constituting the mammalian circadian system [32]. A number of genes, commonly termed clock genes, represent the molecular mechanism underlying the circadian function [14]. The coordinates of circadian behaviour and organism physiology are known to regulate the effectiveness of a core function of the molecular clock machinery, referred to as circadian output [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that a balanced diet, including the Mediterranean pattern (MD), is associated with a reduction of abdominal obesity, especially in the visceral compartment [2], particularly when combined with moderate-to high-intensity aerobic exercise. Indeed, the reduction of visceral adipose tissue in both overweight males and females is most likely due to these lifestyle factors [9], which significantly lower the risk of metabolic disorders [10], but only few studies examined whether a balanced diet together with physical activity mediates the interrelationships between chronotype and obesity in adults [11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be considered as a continuum ranging between morning (M-Types) to evening chronotypes (E-Types), with M-Types who are prone to be more efficient and active during the first part of the day, and E-Types, who experience difficulties in getting up in the morning and need more time to reach the optimal level of both mental and physical efficiency [16]. Individuals lacking a marked circadian preference are referred to as intermediate-or neither-Types (N-Types), representing the most frequent circadian typology in the adult population [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Factors determining an individual's chronotype are very complex, i.e., including both internal (e.g., cortisol, melatonin, and clock gene expression) and environmental (e.g., light-darkness cycle, seasons, cultural influences, social habits, urban lifestyle) factors [14,15]. Mounting literature suggests that the mismatch between light-dark cycle and social life, typical of E-Types, represents a risk factor for obesity and related cardiometabolic diseases [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this perspective, it is possible to interpret the higher rates of sleep-related problems observed in E-types as a result of a daily social programme imposing a rhythm which is markedly misaligned with the biological one [19]. E-Types are mostly younger male adults, and they tend to have health-impairing behaviours [15,20], such as a lower adherence to a balanced diet, sedentary activity, smoking, and poorer sleep patterns, with respect to M-Types, [11,14,15], showing altered body composition and higher prevalence of metabolic disorders [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is Abdominal Fat Distribution Associated with Chronotype in Adults Independently of Lifestyle Factors?

et al. 2020

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Both abdominal obesity and its visceral component are independently associated with cardiometabolic diseases. Among the non-modifiable and modifiable determinants, lifestyle plays a central role, while chronotype is an emerging factor. Evening type (E-Type), more active and efficient in the last part of the day, has been associated with a health-impairing style, resulting in a higher risk of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases than morning type (M-Type). However, no study has examined the contribution of chronotype to abdominal fat distribution, even considering adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD). We conducted a cross-sectional study on 416 adults (69.5% females, 50 ± 13 years). Waist circumference (WC), visceral fat (VAT) using ultrasonography, chronotype through the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ), and adherence to MD were studied. Our results showed no differences in WC and VAT between chronotypes. However, adherence to MD resulted significantly lower in the E-Types compared to M-Types. WC decreased with increasing Mediterranean score and rMEQ score, and VAT decreased with increasing rMEQ score, indicating that E-Types have +2 cm of WC and +0.5 cm of VAT compared to M-Types. In conclusion, these results showed that chronotype is independently associated with abdominal obesity and visceral fat, underlining the potential implications of the individual circadian typology on abdominal obesity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Is Abdominal Fat Distribution Associated with Chronotype in Adults Independently of Lifestyle Factors?

et al. 2020

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Stride‐to‐Stride Fluctuations of Human Gait Are Affected By Chronobiology: An Exploratory Study

2023

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Physiological processes present daily oscillations of ≈24 h, called circadian rhythms. Motor performance, for example, reaches its peak in the afternoon, although this can be affected by chronotype. Certain motor activities, for example, walking, can also be affected by circadian rhythms. Healthy walking exhibits stride‐to‐stride fluctuations with a fractal‐like structure that enables adaptability. While pathology and aging are shown to lead to random‐like fluctuations; and, therefore, decreased adaptability; the influence of circadian rhythms remains unknown. This study investigates how these fluctuations present in healthy gait are affected by the time of day and chronotype. Eighteen young adults walk for 10 min every 2 h, from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. Footswitches are used to determine heel‐strike and calculate stride time. Then, detrended fluctuation analysis is used to calculate fractal scaling. A mixed‐model Analysis of Variance is used and followed by a backward stepwise elimination process. Tukey's tests are used for pairwise comparisons. The statistical model shows the effect of time during the day (12 p.m. exhibits a higher fractal scaling compared to 8 a.m.); and chronotype (evening‐types exhibit higher fractal scaling compared to morning‐types). This study reveals the influence of chronobiology on stride‐to‐stride fluctuations. These findings open new perspectives to integrate circadian medicine in biomechanics.

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Physical activity, chronotype and sleep in a sample of Italian elderly population

et al. 2019

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The circadian typology: the role of physical activity and melatonin

Cited by 44 publications

References 60 publications

Is Abdominal Fat Distribution Associated with Chronotype in Adults Independently of Lifestyle Factors?

Is Abdominal Fat Distribution Associated with Chronotype in Adults Independently of Lifestyle Factors?

Stride‐to‐Stride Fluctuations of Human Gait Are Affected By Chronobiology: An Exploratory Study

Physical activity, chronotype and sleep in a sample of Italian elderly population

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