Is Abdominal Fat Distribution Associated with Chronotype in Adults Independently of Lifestyle Factors?

Amicis, Ramona De; Galasso, Letizia; Vignati, Laila; Carlo, Giulia De; Foppiani, Andrea; Montaruli, A.; Roveda, Eliana; Cè, Emiliano; Esposito, Fabio; Vanzulli, Angelo; Battezzati, Alberto; Bertoli, Simona

doi:10.3390/nu12030592

Cited by 36 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Indeed, we found that subjects with evening chronotype had lower adherence to the MD compared to the two other categories. Our findings were in agreement with a previous cross-sectional study performed in 416 middle-aged adults aiming at investigating the contribution of chronotype to abdominal fat distribution and collaterally reporting a higher adherence to the MD in subjects with morning chronotype compared to those with intermediate and/or evening chronotype [29]. However, in this study the authors investigated the association between the adherence to the MD in terms of PREDIMED score and chronotype categories.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Chronotype and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Obesity: Results from the Opera Prevention Project

et al. 2020

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Chronotype is the attitude of a subject in determining individual circadian preference in behavioral and biological rhythm relative to the external light–dark cycle. Obesity and unhealthy eating habits have been associated with evening chronotype. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is a healthy nutritional pattern that has been reported to be associated with better health and quality of sleep. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the association of chronotype categories with adherence to the MD in a population of middle-aged Italian adults. This cross-sectional study included 172 middle-aged adults (71.5% females; 51.8 ± 15.7 years) that were consecutively enrolled in a campaign to prevent obesity called the OPERA (obesity, programs of nutrition, education, research and assessment of the best treatment) Prevention Project that was held in Naples on 11–13 October 2019. Anthropometric parameters, adherence to the MD and chronotype were studied. Chronotype was classified as morning in 58.1% of subjects, evening in 12.8% and intermediate in 28.1%. Our results demonstrated that individuals with evening chronotype, when compared to intermediate (p < 0.001) and morning chronotype (p < 0.001), were more prone to follow unhealthy lifestyle, performing less regular activity and being more frequently smokers. In addition, they showed the lowest adherence to the MD compared to morning (p < 0.001) and intermediate chronotypes (p < 0.001). The lower the chronotype score, the higher body mass index (BMI) values in the whole population (r = −0.158; p = 0.038), thus suggesting that evening chronotype was a common finding in subjects with obesity. In addition, positive correlations of chronotype score with age (r = 0.159; p = 0.037) and PREDIMED score (r = 0.656; p < 0.001) were found. The adherence to the MD, more than the intake of the single food items, was found to predict morning and evening chronotypes. In conclusion, evening chronotype was associated with unhealthy lifestyle and low adherence to the MD. Chronotype score was inversely associated to BMI and positively associated to age and adherence to the MD. Thus, the assessment of chronotype should be taken into account in the management of obesity and in the development of nutritional strategies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Chronotype and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Obesity: Results from the Opera Prevention Project

et al. 2020

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“…Central obesity independent of BMI is the key factor in the development of MetS. Besides hereditable determinants, modifying lifestyle factors such as dietary habits, physical activity, and to a certain extent, smoking status, remain the major driving force [ 24 ]). Overall, elderly women in HCHS followed a favorable lifestyle compared to men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Dietary Pattern, Lifestyle and Chronotype with Metabolic Syndrome in Elderly—Lessons from the Population-Based Hamburg City Health Study

Terschüren

Damerau

Harth

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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In aging populations, the increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the resulting elevated risk of developing non-communicable diseases is a major challenge for worldwide health care. The elderly population-based Hamburg City Health Study (HCHS) allows investigating the association in the relevant age group 45–74 years. For 3513 of 10,000 participants, self-reported information on dietary patterns (DASH, MEDAS), chronotype, lifestyle, and data on metabolic syndrome parameters was available. Overall, having a “low” DASH score was a statistically significant risk factor (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.01–1.48). Only for “late” chronotype, a slightly elevated OR (1.06) was found, but no statistically significant effect on the outcome of metabolic syndrome. Still, considering chronotype vastly improved the model. However, a trend of an increasing predicted probability from early to late chronotype was found for participants with low adherence to the DASH diet. Future research should focus on options for prevention in persons with late chronotype, so they can be supported better in adherence to, e.g., DASH diet to lower their risk.

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“…Adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet was assessed using a validated 14-item questionnaire [ 31 ]. The guidelines set out by the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) study group ( www.predimed.es ) with some adaptation already employed in previous studies were used to obtain the Mediterranean score (MED score) [ 32 , 33 ]. One point was attributed for each of the following: (1) olive oil as the main cooking fat; (2) olive oil ≥ 4 tablespoons/day; (3) vegetables > 2 servings/day (or ≥ 1 portion raw or salad) [ 31 ]; (4) fruit ≥ 3 servings/day; (5) red or processed meat < 1 serving/day; (6) butter or cream or margarine < 1/day; (7) sugar-sweetened beverages < 1/day; (8) wine ≥ 3 glasses/week; (9) legumes ≥ 3 servings/week; (10) fish/seafood ≥ 3 servings/week; (11) commercial sweets and confectionery < 3/week; (12) nuts ≥ 1/week; (13) white more than red meats (yes); and (14) use of sofrito ≥ 2/week.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eat, breathe, sleep with Osteogenesis Imperfecta

LoMauro

Landoni

Fraschini

et al. 2021

Orphanet J Rare Dis

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Background Although Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) affects the connective tissue causing extremely brittle bones with consequent skeletal deformities, it is important to go beyond bones. Indeed, the quality of life in OI does not only depend on bones status, as OI might affect also other important functions. We have therefore implemented a multidisciplinary study to assess lung function, breathing pattern, sleep quality and nutritional status in 27 adult OI type III and IV patients (median age: 34.6 years; 19 women; 14 type III). Results According to nocturnal oxygen desaturation, two groups were identified: 13 patients with (OI_OSA, incidence: 48.2%) and 14 without (no_OSA) obstructive sleep apnea. The former was characterized by higher spinal and ribcage deformity, by more restrictive lung function, by paradoxical thoracic breathing in supine position, by rapid and shallow breathing, by higher body mass index, by longer neck and waist circumferences; by higher abdominal volume and by greater percentage of body fat mass, particularly localized in the trunk. The best predictor of OI_OSA was the negative value of the supine ribcage contribution to tidal volume, followed by the ratio between the neck and the waist circumferences with body height and the supine thoraco-abdominal volumes phase shift angle. Conclusions The pathophysiology of OI ensued a dangerous vicious circle, in which breathing, sleep and nutritional status are tightly linked, and they might all end up in negatively affecting the quality of life. The vicious circle is fed by some intrinsic characteristics of the disease (thoracic, cranial and mandibular deformities) and some bad daily habits of the patients (i.e. physical inactivity and low dietary quality). The former impacts on restricting the respiratory function, the latter makes Olers more prone to experience overweight or obesity. The main consequence is a high incidence of obstructive sleep apnea, which remains an underdiagnosed disorder in individuals with severe OI who are obese, with a neck to height ratio over than 31.6%, and characterized by paradoxical breathing in supine position. A multidisciplinary approach, including evaluations of breathing, sleep and nutrition, is required to better manage the disease and fulfil the maximizing well-being of OI patients.

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Is Abdominal Fat Distribution Associated with Chronotype in Adults Independently of Lifestyle Factors?

Cited by 36 publications

References 33 publications

Chronotype and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Obesity: Results from the Opera Prevention Project

Chronotype and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Obesity: Results from the Opera Prevention Project

Association of Dietary Pattern, Lifestyle and Chronotype with Metabolic Syndrome in Elderly—Lessons from the Population-Based Hamburg City Health Study

Eat, breathe, sleep with Osteogenesis Imperfecta

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