The Christchurch earthquake stroke incidence study

Acute and chronic psychological stress as risk factors for cardiovascular disease: Insights gained from epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies

“…The body's response after exposure to a sudden and severe stressor such as bereavement (Kaprio et al, 1987), an earthquake (Niiyama et al, 2014;Wu et al, 2014) or a terrorist attack (Allegra et al, 2005;Feng et al, 2006) has been demonstrated to fulfill these criteria and associates with increased incidence of ACS.…”

Medium- and long-term health effects of earthquakes in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Lastly, it is worth noting that four studies included in our review focussed on health outcomes after the sequence of 4 earthquakes occurred in Christchurch (New Zealand, September 2010mid-2012) . [34][35][36][37] Owing to the small numbers of studies available, it is difficult to compare the health effects of repeated events with those of a single earthquake. However, taken together, the effects reported by these studies seem to be broadly in line with those found by investigations concerning a single event (e.g., greater prevalence of mental health disorders among people exposed to multiple seismic events compared to unexposed individuals).…”

The Dual Insurance Model and Its Implications for Insurance Demand and Supply Post-Christchurch Earthquakes in New Zealand

“…The Dual Insurance Model and its Implications for Insurance Demand and Supply Post-Christchurch Earthquakes the first strong quake at a magnitude 7.1 on the Richter scale occurred at 4:35 am on September 4, 2010.The epicenter was 40 km west of Christchurch City and the depth of the quake was at 10 km (Wu, Cheung, Cole, & Fink, 2014). In the aftermath of the first earthquake, dozens of its aftershocks followed, causing moderate damage.…”

“…The first earthquake sequence initiated three other significant earthquakes close to the city of Christchurch culminating in an aftershock which was the second major earthquake, measuring 6.3 on the Richter scale, and which struck at 12:51 pm on February 22, 2011. The location of the second major quake was within 5 km south-east of Christchurch, at a shallow focal depth of 5 km (Wu et al, 2014). This second quake produced damage labeled as destructive by GeoNet (the builder and operator of modern geological hazard monitoring systems in New Zealand); unreinforced masonry buildings were severely damaged with liquefaction occurring in many parts of the eastern suburbs rendering entire neighbourhoods completely uninhabitable (Buchanan, Carradine, Beattie, & Morris, 2011;Bull, 2013).…”