The chloride channel family gene CLCd negatively regulates pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity in Arabidopsis

Wei, Guo; Zuo, Zhangli; Cheng, Xi; Sun, Juan; Li, Huali; Li, Legong; Qiu, Jin‐Long

doi:10.1093/jxb/ert484

Cited by 49 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…For rpm1 it was shown that this gene is up-regulated in rice roots after mycorrhizal colonization (G€ uimil et al, 2005). The chloride channel protein acts as a negative regulator of pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana and is therefore involved in pathogen defense response (Guo et al, 2014). Beside the latter, another two genes located on chromosome 7A, inter alia, are assumed to be involved in pathogen defense response.…”

Section: Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics of mycorrhizal symbiosis in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)

et al. 2017

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Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a major staple food and therefore of prime importance for feeding the Earth's growing population. Mycorrhiza is known to improve plant growth, but although extensive knowledge concerning the interaction between mycorrhizal fungi and plants is available, genotypic differences concerning the ability of wheat to form mycorrhizal symbiosis and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) involved in mycorrhization are largely unknown. Therefore, a diverse set of 94 bread wheat genotypes was evaluated with regard to root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. In order to identify genomic regions involved in mycorrhization, these genotypes were analyzed using the wheat 90k iSelect chip, resulting in 17 823 polymorphic mapped markers, which were used in a genome-wide association study. Significant genotypic differences (P < 0.0001) were detected in the ability to form symbiosis and 30 significant markers associated with root colonization, representing six QTL regions, were detected on chromosomes 3A, 4A and 7A, and candidate genes located in these QTL regions were proposed. The results reported here provide key insights into the genetics of root colonization by mycorrhizal fungi in wheat.

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Section: Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics of mycorrhizal symbiosis in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)

et al. 2017

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“…4,7 Recently, we reported that the product of the chloride channel gene CLCd negatively regulates PTI in Arabidopsis. 8 Since AtCLCd is localized to the TGN, 9 it is not likely to be directly involved in anion flux across the plasma membrane. Patch-clamp studies have revealed the presence of Rapid-type (R-type) and Slow-type (S-type) anion channels in plants, 10,11 and inhibition of R-type anion channels in Arabidopsis suspension cells suppresses flagellin-induced ROS production.…”

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confidence: 99%

The roles of anion channels inArabidopsisimmunity

Wei

Wang²,

Zuo

et al. 2014

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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Plants respond to constant challenges from microbial pathogens by employing a 2-layered innate immune system. 1 The first layer, namely pathogen-associated pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI), is triggered by molecular patterns conserved on many types of microbes. However, adapted pathogens can secret effector proteins into host cells to suppress PTI. In turn, plants have evolved additional receptors that detect such effectors and mount a second-layer of defense, called effector-triggered immunity (ETI). 1-3Anion efflux is an early response of plant cell upon exposure to PAMPs and pathogens. [4][5][6] The activity of anion channels has been shown to be required for such responses, especially for PTI. 4,7 Recently, we reported that the product of the chloride channel gene CLCd negatively regulates PTI in Arabidopsis.8 Since AtCLCd is localized to the TGN, 9 it is not likely to be directly involved in anion flux across the plasma membrane. Patch-clamp studies have revealed the presence of Rapid-type (R-type) and Slow-type (S-type) anion channels in plants, 10,11 and inhibition of R-type anion channels in Arabidopsis suspension cells suppresses flagellin-induced ROS production. 4 However, the identity and physiological roles of the channels responsible for the anion flux are unclear.It has been shown that niflumic acid (Nif) specifically blocks R-type anion channels, whereas 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2, 2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS) blocks S-type anion channels. 4,12 Here, these 2 blockers were used to investigate the function of anion channels in PTI and ETI in Arabidopsis seedlings. A well-studied PAMP, flg22, the 22-amino acid epitope of flagellin, was used to induce ROS bursts typical of the PTI response.13 Leaf discs of Arabidopsis were incubated in water containing 100μM of one or other anion channel blocker for 30min before adding 100nM flg22. ROS production was significantly reduced in the DIDS-treated samples, but enhanced in the Nif-treated samples (Fig. 1A). Next, we checked the effects of the anion channel blockers on another PTI response, callose deposition. Arabidopsis leaves were infiltrated with 500μM anion channel blocker one hour before exposure to 1μM flg22. In agreement with the ROS results, callose deposition was reduced by DIDS, but increased by Nif (Fig. 1B, 1C). These data indicate that the S-type anion channel promotes PTI in Arabidopsis, whereas the R-type anion channel inhibits it.ETI, which is triggered directly or indirectly by recognition of pathogen effectors by host resistance (R) proteins, is a strong defense response whose hallmark is the hypersensitive cell death response (HR) at infection sites. [1][2][3]14 To assess whether anion channels are involved in ETI, we monitored the effects of the anion channel blockers on the development of HR cell death in Arabidopsis leaves upon infection with avirulent bacteria. Leaves of 4-wk-old Arabidopsis plants were infiltrated with Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst) DC3000 carrying avrRpm1 or avrRps4. The effectors AvrRpm1 and AvrRps4 a...

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“…Ion flux changes are also one of the early events upon pathogen recognition to activate defense responses. Several ion channels appear to function in both salinity adaptation and signaling for defense responses induction and cell death, such as CNGCs (cyclic nucleotide gated channel) (Clough et al, 2000), K + -permeable channels (Shabala et al, 2006;Demidchik et al, 2014) as well as Na + -and Cl Àtransporters (NHX and CLC) (Chen et al, 2014;Guo et al, 2014). For instance, CNGC was shown to be one of the important calcium conducting channels.…”

Section: Smart Pyramiding Of Key Factors Responsive To Both Biotic Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant behaviour under combined stress: tomato responses to combined salinity and pathogen stress

et al. 2018

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SUMMARYCrop plants are subjected to a variety of stresses during their lifecycle, including abiotic stress factors such as salinity and biotic stress factors such as pathogens. Plants have developed a multitude of defense and adaptation responses to these stress factors. In the field, different stress factors mostly occur concurrently resulting in a new state of stress, the combined stress. There is evidence that plant resistance to pathogens can be attenuated or enhanced by abiotic stress factors. With stress tolerance research being mostly focused on plant responses to individual stresses, the understanding of a plant's ability to adapt to combined stresses is limited. In the last few years, we studied powdery mildew resistance under salt stress conditions in the model crop plant tomato with the aim to understand the requirements to achieve plant resilience to a wider array of combined abiotic and biotic stress combinations. We uncovered specific responses of tomato plants to combined salinitypathogen stress, which varied with salinity intensity and plant resistance genes. Moreover, hormones, with their complex regulation and cross-talk, were shown to play a key role in the adaptation of tomato plants to the combined stress. In this review, we attempt to understand the complexity of plant responses to abiotic and biotic stress combinations, with a focus on tomato responses (genetic control and cross-talk of signaling pathways) to combined salinity and pathogen stresses. Further, we provide recommendations on how to design novel strategies for breeding crops with a sustained performance under diverse environmental conditions.

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The chloride channel family gene CLCd negatively regulates pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity in Arabidopsis

Abstract: SummaryIt is shown that AtCLCd negatively regulates Arabidopsis PTI, probably by interacting with the PRR signalling pathway. Its sequence indicates that AtCLCd encodes a chloride/proton exchanger.

Cited by 49 publications

References 57 publications

Genetics of mycorrhizal symbiosis in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Genetics of mycorrhizal symbiosis in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)

The roles of anion channels inArabidopsisimmunity

Plant behaviour under combined stress: tomato responses to combined salinity and pathogen stress

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