The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Tang, Ling‐Long; Chen, Yu-Pei; Chen, Chuanben; Chen, Ming‐Yuan; Chen, Nian‐Yong; Chen, Xiaozhong; Du, Xiaojing; Fang, Wenfeng; Feng, Mei; Gao, Jin; Han, Fei; He, Xia; Hu, Chaosu; Hu, Desheng; Hu, Guohong; Jiang, Hao; Jiang, Wei; Jin, Feng; Lang, Jinyi; Li, Jingao; Shen, Lin; Liu, Xu; Liu, Qiufang; Ma, Lin; Mai, Hai‐Qiang; Qin, Jiyong; Shen, Liangfang; Sun, Ying; Wang, Peiguo; Wang, Rensheng; Wang, Ruo-Zheng; Wang, Xiaoshen; Wang, Ying; Wang, Hui; Xia, Yunfei; Xiao, Shan; Yang, Kunyu; Yi, Junlin; Zhu, Xiao‐Dong

doi:10.1002/cac2.12218

Cited by 158 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 200 publications

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“…The contralateral parapharyngeal space and skull base foramina were low risk regions, and routine prophylactic radiation may not be necessary. For prophylactic radiation of lymphatic drainage regions, the radiation scope and indications are consistent with the current guidelines [ 9 , 22 ]. For N0 patients, the bilateral upper neck lymph nodes (levels II, III, Va, and VII) required prophylactic radiation; for N + patients, both bilateral upper and lower neck lymph nodes (levels II, III, IV, V, and VII) required prophylactic radiation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Long-term follow-up showed that the overall 5-year local control rate reached 96%, and there was no recurrence of contralateral tissue structures. According to the current CTV delineation guidelines, parapharyngeal space and skull base foramina on both sides belong to high-risk regions, and require prophylactic radiation regardless of the location and stage of the tumor [ 8 , 9 ]. However, as the primary lesion of unilateral NPC is relatively far from the contralateral parapharyngeal space and skull base foramina, and skull base fascia can act as a barrier, it is worth discussing the necessity of prophylactic radiation of contralateral tissues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of locoregional extension of unilateral nasopharyngeal carcinoma and suggestions for clinical target volume delineation

Zheng

Zhang

et al. 2022

Radiat Oncol

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Background To summarize the characteristics of local invasion and distribution of metastatic lymph nodes in unilateral nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to provide references for the optimization of clinical target volume. Methods MRI and clinical data of 176 cases of unilateral NPC admitted to the Hunan Cancer Hospital from January 2019 to December 2019 were collected. Unilateral NPC was defined as a lesion confined to the one side of the nasopharynx and had not exceeded the midline as judged by MRI. Results Ipsilateral levator veli muscle (63.1%, 111/176), tensor veli palatini muscle (55.7%, 98/176), parapharyngeal space (50.0%, 88/176), and prevertebral muscle (43.7%, 77/176) were more likely to be invaded. Contralateral parapharyngeal space and skull base foramina were not invaded. All local invasions presented as continuous invasion from gross lesions and discontinuous invasions were not observed. The overall lymph node metastatic rate was 89.8% (158/176), of which bilateral metastasis accounted for 56.3% (89/158), and ipsilateral metastasis accounted for 88.1% (155/176), which was higher than the contralateral metastatic rate (55.4%, 94/176) (P < 0.001). The most common regions of lymph node metastasis were level IIb (82.4%), VIIa (69.9%), IIa (54.0%), and III (54.0%). Only one patient had skipping lymph node metastasis (0.6%). Conclusion Local invasion of unilateral NPC was characterized by continuous invasion from proximal to distal sites, and lymph node metastasis occurred from the upper to lower neck. Contralateral parapharyngeal space and skull base foramina had a very low probability of invasion, and routine prophylactic radiation may not be necessary.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of locoregional extension of unilateral nasopharyngeal carcinoma and suggestions for clinical target volume delineation

Zheng

Zhang

et al. 2022

Radiat Oncol

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“…The materials of 80 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who were treated in our hospital (February 2017–February 2019) were retrospectively analyzed, and all the patients were diagnosed as the cases with nasopharyngeal carcinoma after the histological or cytological examination [ 11 ]. The patients were treated in our hospital in the whole course, and their survival time is expected to last more than 3 months.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of CIK Cell Therapy Combined with Camrelizumab on the Quality of Life in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Analysis of Prognostic Factors

Feng

Luo

Cao

et al. 2022

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience

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Objective. To investigate the effects of CIK (cytokine-induced killer) cell therapy combined with camrelizumab on the quality of life in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and prognostic factors. Methods. In this retrospective study, the materials of 80 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated in our hospital (February 2017–February 2019) were retrospectively analyzed, and they were equalized into experimental group (n = 40) and control group (n = 40) according to the order of admission. Both groups received 200 mg of camrelizumab on day 1 combined with 10 mg of anrotinib from day 2 to day 4. The patients received the above program every 3 weeks and 4 treatment cycles. The experimental group also received CIK cell therapy simultaneously. The patients’ quality of life, immune indexes, local control, metastasis, and survival rate were compared between the two groups, and the prognostic factors were analyzed by logistic analysis. Results. Compared with the control group, the experimental group achieved much higher scores of physical well-being (18.38 ± 2.31), social/family well-being (16.40 ± 2.24), emotional well-being (15.35 ± 2.30), functional well-being (17.30 ± 2.20), and head and neck cancer subscale (15.40 ± 2.01, P < 0.001) and eminently better immune indexes ( P < 0.001) after treatment. During the 24-month follow-up, there were 2 recurrent cases (5.0%) and 2 cases (5.0%) with distant metastasis among the 40 patients in the experimental group; there were 8 recurrent cases (20.0%) and 7 cases (17.5%) with distant metastasis among the 40 patients in the control group. In the experimental group, the median survival period was 18 months and the 2-year survival rate was 97.5% (39/40). In the control group, the median survival period was 14 months and the 2-year survival rate was 85.0% (34/40). Among the 80 patients, 7 cases (8.75%) died and 73 cases (91.25%) survived. After conducting the single-factor analysis, remarkable differences in the cases of IV stage, quality of life after treatment, and immune indexes after treatment between the survival group and the death group were observed ( P < 0.05). According to the multiple-factor analysis, the clinical stage and immune indexes were identified as the prognostic factors. Conclusion. CIK cell therapy combined with camrelizumab can enhance the life quality and immune function of the patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, thus improving their prognoses.

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“…Tissues were stored in RNAsafeguard liquid (Manassas, VA, USA) at -80°C and fixed by formalin and embedded by paraffin. According to current clinical guidelines for the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is the routine treatment for NPC in stage I ( 16 , 17 ). All patients with stage II~IV NPC received radiotherapy with concurrent cisplatin-based chemotherapy.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long Non-Coding RNA Cancer Susceptibility Candidate 9 Regulates the Malignant Biological Behavior of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells by Targeting miR-497-5p/Wnt3a/β-catenin Signaling Pathway

et al. 2022

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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a major kind of head and neck epithelial carcinoma. Increasing evidences reveal that long noncoding RNAs are considered as vital regulators in tumorigenesis and progression. Although previous studies have found that cancer susceptibility candidate 9 (CASC9) highly expresses in NPC, the underlying mechanisms need to be further studied. In this study, we found that CASC9 was overexpressed and associated with worse prognosis in NPC. CASC9 knockdown significantly inhibited the cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and enhanced the sensitivity of tumor cells to cisplatin and paclitaxel. Mechanism research confirmed CASC9 regulated the malignant biological behavior of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by targeting miR-497-5p/Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling pathway. The present study might provide a novel mechanism for tumorigenesis and progression of NPC and contribute to the development of an effective molecular target therapy.

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The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Cited by 158 publications

References 200 publications

Characteristics of locoregional extension of unilateral nasopharyngeal carcinoma and suggestions for clinical target volume delineation

Characteristics of locoregional extension of unilateral nasopharyngeal carcinoma and suggestions for clinical target volume delineation

Effects of CIK Cell Therapy Combined with Camrelizumab on the Quality of Life in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Analysis of Prognostic Factors

Long Non-Coding RNA Cancer Susceptibility Candidate 9 Regulates the Malignant Biological Behavior of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells by Targeting miR-497-5p/Wnt3a/β-catenin Signaling Pathway

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