The chemopreventive potential of lycopene against atrazine-induced cardiotoxicity: modulation of ionic homeostasis

Abstract

People who drink water contaminated with atrazine (ATR) over many years can experience problems with their cardiovascular system. Lycopene (LYC) has been shown to exhibit cardiovascular disease preventive effects. However, chemopreventive potential of LYC against ATR-induced cardiotoxicity remains unclear. To determine the effects of ATR and/or LYC on heart, mice were treated with ATR (50 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg) and/or LYC (5 mg/kg) by intragastric administration for 21 days. Histopathological and biochemical analyses, including analysis of ion concentrations (Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+), ATPases (Na+-K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase) activities and the transcription of their subunits, were performed on heart. The results revealed that ATR led to decreased Creative Kinase (CK) activity and increased histological alterations. Furthermore, a significant change in Na+, K+ and Ca2+ content and the down-regulation of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase activities and the mRNA expression of their subunits were observed in ATR-exposed mice. Notably, supplementary LYC significantly protected the heart against ATR-induced damage. In conclusion, ATR induced cardiotoxicity by modulating cardiac ATPase activity and the transcription of its subunits, thereby triggering ionic disturbances. However, supplementary LYC significantly combated ATR-induced cardiotoxicity via the regulation of ATPase activity and subunit transcription. Thus, LYC exhibited a significant chemopreventive potential against ATR-induced cardiotoxicity.

Transport stress induces weight loss and heart injury in chicks: disruption of ionic homeostasis via modulating ion transporting ATPases

“…Moreover, they exert important influence in regulating the transmembrane ionic balance to maintain proper function of the vasculature [35, 36]. The previous investigations demonstrated that high temperature inhibited the mitochondrial Ca 2+ -ATPase activity in broilers [38].…”

Activating nuclear xenobiotic receptors and triggering ER stress and hepatic cytochromes P450 systems in quails (Coturnix C. coturnix) during atrazine exposure

“…So the global researchers are mainly concerned and interested in studying the adverse effects of ATR in the wildlife and experimental animals . Furthermore, most of these studies evaluated the effects of ATR exposure in cell, tissue and organs . However, only a few studies investigated the mechanisms of the hepatotoxicity of ATR exposure in quails.…”

“…35 Furthermore, most of these studies evaluated the effects of ATR exposure in cell, tissue and organs. 36,37 However, only a few studies investigated the mechanisms of the hepatotoxicity of ATR exposure in quails. In this study, we indicated that the toxicity effects of ATR on the liver through activating nuclear xenobiotic receptors responses and ER stress.…”

Protective effect of lycopene against chemical and natural toxins: A review

“…This protective effect has been suggested to be exerted via regulation of the ionic homeostasis disorder through modulation of ATPase activity and subunits (1a1, 1b3, 1b4, and 2b4) transcription [76]. Moreover, similar studies have reported the potential protective effect of lycopene (5 mg/kg, orally, for 21 days) against atrazine (50 or 200 mg/kg, orally, for 21 days) stimulated cardiotoxicity in a mouse model [77]. Nan Li et al showed that supplementation of mice with lycopene regulated NO production, inactivated the Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6-NF-kB) pathway as well as up-regulated TNF-α, IL-6, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and IL-1β and down-regulated the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β) [78].…”

“…This protective effect has been suggested to be exerted via regulation of the ionic homeostasis disorder through modulation of ATPase activity and subunits (1a1, 1b3, 1b4, and 2b4) transcription . Moreover, similar studies have reported the potential protective effect of lycopene (5 mg/kg, orally, for 21 days) against atrazine (50 or 200 mg/kg, orally, for 21 days) stimulated cardiotoxicity in a mouse model . Nan Li et al .…”