The Chemistry of Solvent Extraction

Kertes, A.S.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-015682-8.50006-7

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 382 publications

(161 reference statements)

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“…It has been observed that certain combinations of two extractants give, under well-defined experimental conditions, an enhanced extraction compared to what is obtained using the extractants separately. This phenomenon is known as synergism or synergic extraction (Irving and Edgington, 1960;Irving and Edgington, 1961a;Irving and Edgington, 1961b;Irving and Edgington, 1961c;Choppin, 1981;Rublev, 1983;Ramakrishna and Patil, 1984;Marcus and Kertes, 1969;Kertes, 1971;Mathur, 1983). Synergism occurs in systems often involving an acidic extractant (HX) and a neutral extractant (S).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the synergistic effect on lanthanides(III) solvent extraction by systems combining a malonamide and a dialkyl phosphoric acid

et al. 2017

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To separate minor actinides from lanthanides for used nuclear fuel reprocessing, solvent extraction processes combining neutral and acidic extractants are considered. Mixed systems present singular extraction properties where synergistic effects can be observed but information on chemical equilibria is lacking to properly model such behavior. Speciation of Eu(III) and Nd(III) complexes formed in an organic phase combining N,N′-dimethyl-N,N′-dioctylhexylethoxy malonamide (DMDOHEMA) and di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP) was investigated through electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLIFS), UV-Visible, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. A method consists of adding one of the ligands to a solution containing Ln(III) complexes formed with the other ligand while following changes by each technique was used. In both cases, significant modifications in the metal coordination sphere were observed due to formation of mixed complexes containing both ligands: addition of DMDOHEMA to a Ln-HDEHP solution led to the formation of Ln(DEHP) 3 (HDEHP) 2 (DMDOHEMA) complexes while addition of HDEHP to a Ln-DMDOHEMA solution gave Ln(NO 3) 3-n (DEHP) n (HDEHP) m (DMDOHEMA) x′ (0 ≤ n ≤ 3; n + m ≥ 1 and 1 ≤ x′ ≤ 3) complexes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the synergistic effect on lanthanides(III) solvent extraction by systems combining a malonamide and a dialkyl phosphoric acid

et al. 2017

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“…Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), otherwise known as solvent extraction, is a well-established separation technique to extract desirable component(s) from a liquid feed to a specific solvent (Hanson, 1971;Kertes, 1971;Dechow, 1989;Huang and Ramaswamy, 2013). This process is the most common method used for biodiesel purification that encompasses all the techniques developed for wet washing (Berrios and Skelton, 2008;Veljković et al, 2015).…”

Section: Liquid-liquid Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review on biodiesel purification and upgrading

2017

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HIGHLIGHTS Various biodiesel purification methods, i.e., equilibrium-based, affinity-based, and reaction-based separation techniques along with membrane technology and solid-liquid separation processes were reviewed.Deoxygenating process via hydrodeoxygenation and decarboxylation/decarbonylation pathways is a common way to upgrade bio-based oils to produce biorenewable diesel with excellent fuel properties. Catalysts and operating conditions, i.e., pressure, temperature, and contact time, are the most important variables in biodiesel upgrading discussed herein. Serious environmental concerns regarding the use of fossil-based fuels have raised awareness regarding the necessity of alternative clean fuels and energy carriers. Biodiesel is considered a clean, biodegradable, and non-toxic diesel substitute produced via the transesterification of triglycerides with an alcohol in the presence of a proper catalyst. After initial separation of the by-product (glycerol), the crude biodiesel needs to be purified to meet the standard specifications prior to marketing. The presence of impurities in the biodiesel not only significantly affects its engine performance but also complicates its handling and storage. Therefore, biodiesel purification is an essential step prior to marketing. Biodiesel purification methods can be classified based on the nature of the process into equilibrium-based, affinity-based, membrane-based, reaction-based, and solid-liquid separation processes. The main adverse properties of biodiesel -namely moisture absorption, corrosiveness, and high viscosity -primarily arise from the presence of oxygen. To address these issues, several upgrading techniques have been proposed, among which catalytic (hydro)deoxygenation using conventional hydrotreating catalysts, supported metallic materials, and most recently transition metals in various forms appear promising. Nevertheless, catalyst deactivation (via coking) and/or inadequacy of product yields necessitate further research. This paper provides a comprehensive overview on the techniques and methods used for biodiesel purification and upgrading. ABSTRACT

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“…During the intracellularly extraction, it is important to apply several methods for cell disruption and release metabolites, including physical methods (e.g., liquid shearing and agitation with abrasives), chemical (e.g., acids), and enzymatic (e.g., hydrolytic enzymes). Once metabolites are outside the cell, they can be more efficiently recovered …”

Section: Metabolites Extracted From Fermentation Brothsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolites recovery from fermentation broths via pressure‐driven membrane processes

Díaz‐Montes

Castro‐Muñoz

2019

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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The production of specific metabolites using microorganism has been promoted and enhanced by two different approaches, such as modification of the metabolic pathways of microorganism and optimization of culture medium conditions to synthesize specific compounds. However, research community is today focused on the development of processes and techniques for a suitable recovery of metabolites from different stages of fermentation. For this purpose, the use of organic solvents has been the most common approach for the recovery of specific target compounds according to the solvent affinity. Additionally, these techniques also require the implementation of unit processes to obtain better recovery rates; it means that solvent extraction methods need the implementation of additional steps to recover the solvents used, which may involve the increase of final costs in the production process. For this reason, researchers have started to consider membrane-based technologies (e.g. microfiltration [MF], ultrafiltration [UF], and nanofiltration [NF]), as an alternative for the recovery of metabolites from fermentation broths. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the current findings of the recovery of metabolites from fermentation broths by means of pressuredriven membrane processes. Particular attention will be paid to relevant data, analyzing and discussing according to the membrane features, metabolite properties, and some other phenomena that influence in the separation.Moreover, a framework of the application of the MF, UF, and NF processes in solutes recovery is addressed. Finally, some fundamentals of these processes are also given.

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The Chemistry of Solvent Extraction

Cited by 13 publications

References 382 publications

Understanding the synergistic effect on lanthanides(III) solvent extraction by systems combining a malonamide and a dialkyl phosphoric acid

Understanding the synergistic effect on lanthanides(III) solvent extraction by systems combining a malonamide and a dialkyl phosphoric acid

A comprehensive review on biodiesel purification and upgrading

Metabolites recovery from fermentation broths via pressure‐driven membrane processes

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