The chemistry of Crismer’s test for glucose in urine

Francisco, Sánchez-Viesca; Rein, Gómez

doi:10.53022/oarjcp.2021.1.2.0028

Cited by 11 publications

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“…The reaction series occurs via radical-ion mechanism due to the one-electron abstracting property of potassium ferricyanide. This communication is a follow up of our studies on reaction mechanism, [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

The Mechanism of the Davy Test for Strychnine

Sánchez‐Viesca

Gómez

2022

IRJPAC

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The chemistry of a spot test for identification of a bioactive compound is important the more if the substance is strychnine. This converts the test in a toxicological assay with forensic application. The Davy test is based on the oxidation of strychnine by means of potassium ferricyanide in the presence of sulphuric acid. This Theoretical Organic Chemistry study reveals the reaction series that occurs during the test, the electron flow is provided step by step. The process is an electron-transfer oxidation, from the alkaloid to the multi-functional final product having two lactams, a ketone and a carboxylic acid. The involved reactions are electrophilic attack to double bond, hydrogen elimination, free radical subtraction, isomerization, alcohol oxidation, epoxide formation, hydrolysis, concerted reaction mechanism to ketone and aldehyde via carbon-carbon fission, and oxidation of aldehyde to carboxylic acid. All is in accordance with the chemical deportment of the involved compounds and is supported by the references.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

The Mechanism of the Davy Test for Strychnine

Sánchez‐Viesca

Gómez

2022

IRJPAC

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“…In this communication we give the mechanism of the oxido degradation of uric acid that takes place during its interaction with phosphotungstic reagent (Folin test). This paper is a follow up of our studies on reaction mechanism, [2][3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

On the mechanism of the Folin test for uric aci

Sánchez-Viesca¹,

Gómez²

2023

World J. Chem. Pharm. Sci.

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The mechanism of the interaction of uric acid with sodium tungstate in phosphoric acid (Folin test) is described. This insight involves the following steps: addition of tungstic acid to the carbon-carbon double bond in uric acid. Protolysis of the organometallic ester gives rise to dihydroxyoxotungsten and an epoxide, via a concerted mechanism. Acid catalyzed ring opening of the oxirane produces a vicinal diol via reaction of the intermediate carbocation with water. Isomerization of the resulting carbinolamide groups is enhanced by the resonance of the ureido group. Breaking of the second carbinolamide gives urea and alloxan, 5-ketobarbituric acid hydrate. Uric acid oxidation in strong acidic medium like phosphoric acid produces alloxan, whereas oxidation in alkaline, neutral, or slightly acidic medium, gives allantoin.

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“…Colorimetric assays offer simple visual readouts and do not require instruments for the analysis. This communication is a follow up of our studies on reaction mechanism, [5][6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Figure 1 Morphine and Codeine Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mechanism of Mecke’s test for opioids

Sánchez-Viesca¹,

Gómez²

2023

World J. Chem. Pharm. Sci.

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Mecke colour test is an official assay for opioids, either for opium or for purified compounds. It employs a solution of selenious acid in sulphuric acid. However, organoselenium chemistry was misunderstood for many years. The reaction mechanism involving selenium (IV) compounds was explained by way of electron back donation, which is a theoretical contravention. In this communication we provide the reactions that take place during this test. Each step is fully commented and the electron flow is given. The reaction proceeds by way of an enol selenite. Acidolysis gives rise to a reduced selenium (II) intermediate and an activated ketone at C-2, that is, a redox reaction with polarity inversion. Addition of selenious acid and further electron shifts affords morphine ortho-quinone and elemental selenium.

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The chemistry of Crismer’s test for glucose in urine

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

The Mechanism of the Davy Test for Strychnine

The Mechanism of the Davy Test for Strychnine

On the mechanism of the Folin test for uric aci

The mechanism of Mecke’s test for opioids

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