The chemistry and thermodynamics of molten salt reactor fuels

Characterization of a Thermodynamic Reference Electrode for Molten LiF-BeF2(FLiBe)

“…where, T is temperature of the salt in the electrode, R is the ideal gas constant, F 15 and demonstrates a constant activity coefficient for x < 10 −2 . Using E o Ni/Ni2+ as formal redox potential, the RE potential can be characterized using molar fractions in place of the activities (Equation 4).…”

“…On the negative side -OES results Table II): potassium, sodium, magnesium and calcium. Thermodynamic calculations based on Baes 15 predict the beryllium redox equilibrium potential at −2.0 V with respect to the Ni/Ni(II) saturated RE at 600…”

“…hypothetical supercooled liquid CrF 2 ) the activity coefficients for CrF 2 are a priori unknown. Baes reports the redox potential for CrF 2 in FLiBe, E o Cr/Cr2+ (Equation 8), 15 and demonstrates constant activity coefficients for x < 10 −2 . Using E o Cr/Cr2+ as formal redox potential, the redox couple potential can be characterized using molar fractions in place of the activities (Equation 9).…”

Identification and evaluation of alternatives for the disposition of fluoride fuel and flush salts from the molten salt reactor experiment at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee

“…3.3 (Williams et al N.d.). This figure is based on extensive complication of Baes (1969), and represents the best thermodynamic information available on these salt mixtures. Concentration effects are accounted for by the Nernst equation and do not include any corrections for solution phase nonideality at high concentrations.…”

“…The presence of strong reducing sites can be envisioned as a large reduction overpotential that is capable of driving a number of reduction reactions even though they are not favored in the eventual equilibriun~ distribution. The potential for wall interactions must also be taken into account (Baes 1969).…”