The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum

Over the recent years, bitumen modification with polymers, acids, or mineral fillers has gained relevance to adjust its performance properties. This work reports the use of polyphosphoric acid (PPA) for the modification of formulated bitumen. With this objective, an in-depth literature review on PPA modification was firstly performed. Subsequently, five individual refinery components were selected for the preparation of bitumen blends, namely, asphaltic residue, vacuum residue, and three lube oils extracts. Seven binary/ternary bitumen blends were prepared and then treated with PPA. Afterwards, the five components and the unmodified and PPA-modified bitumen were characterized by standard methods (penetration, softening point, and penetration index), SARA analysis, elemental analysis, and 31P and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The results evidenced higher asphaltenes and lower saturates/resins contents in PPA-modified bitumen. The NMR data suggest that the paraffinic chains became longer, the content of condensed aromatics increased, more substituted aromatic structures appeared, and α-hydrogen in aromatic structures diminished. These findings disclosed the improved consistency and oxidation stability of PPA-modified bitumen blends.

show abstract

“…The penetration index (PI) was calculated by [36]

\begin{matrix} T1 \\ PI = \frac{12.04 (SP - T_{P}) - 300 (2.903 - \log (Pen))}{0.602 (SP - T_{P}) + 30 (2.903 - \log (Pen))}, \end{matrix}

where T P (°C) is the temperature used to measure Pen.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Polyphosphoric Acid on the Consistency and Composition of Formulated Bitumen: Standard Characterization and NMR Insights

Varanda

Portugal

Ribeiro

et al. 2016

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In nature, vanadium can be found in 65 different minerals where the most common are: patronite (V 2 S+nS), roscoelite (2K 2 -OÁ2Al 2 O 3 (Mg,Fe)O-3V 2 O 5 Á10SiO 2 Á4H 2 O), bravonite ((Fe,Ni,V)S 2 ), davidite, (titanate of Fe,U,V,Cr and rare earths), sulvanite (3Cu 2 -SÁV 2 S 6 ), vanadite (Pb 5 (VO 4 ) 3 Cl) and carnotite (K 2 OÁ2U 2 O 3 , V 2 O 5 -Á3H 2 O). It can be also found in porphyrins, present for example in Venezuelan heavy and extra heavy crude oil [6]. The concentrations range of vanadium in crude oils are shown in Table 1, where it is obtained as VO 2+ -porphyrin, in its two isotopicforms 50 V (0.24%) and 51 V (99.76%), being the 50 V slightly radioactive with a half-life (t 1/2 ) >3.9 Â 10 17 years [1][2][3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introduction To Vanadium: a General Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be also found in porphyrins, present for example in Venezuelan heavy and extra heavy crude oil [6]. The concentrations range of vanadium in crude oils are shown in Table 1, where it is obtained as VO 2+ -porphyrin, in its two isotopicforms 50 V (0.24%) and 51 V (99.76%), being the 50 V slightly radioactive with a half-life (t 1/2 ) >3.9 Â 10 17 years [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. The vanadiumporphyrins are formed during early diagenesis of source rocks and the relative abundance of vanadium is related to the depositional environment [8].…”

Section: Introduction To Vanadium: a General Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vanadium: History, chemistry, interactions with α-amino acids and potential therapeutic applications

Carpio

Hernández

Ciangherotti

et al. 2018

Coordination Chemistry Reviews

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

a b s t r a c tIn the last 30 years, since the discovery that vanadium is a cofactor found in certain enzymes of tunicates and possibly in mammals, different vanadium-based drugs have been developed targeting to treat different pathologies. So far, the in vitro studies of the insulin mimetic, antitumor and antiparasitic activity of certain compounds of vanadium have resulted in a great boom of its inorganic and bioinorganic chemistry. Chemical speciation studies of vanadium with amino acids under controlled conditions or, even in blood plasma, are essential for the understanding of the biotransformation of e.g. vanadium antidiabetic complexes at the physiological level, providing clues of their mechanism of action. The present article carries out a bibliographical research emphaticizing the chemical speciation of the vanadium with different amino acids and reviewing also some other important aspects such as its chemistry and therapeutical applications of several vanadium complexes.

show abstract

“…The hydrocarbon chain lengths are in the range of C4 through Cl2 containing 4-8% alkanes, 2-5% alkenes, 25-40% iso-alkanes, 3-7% cycloalkanes, l-4% cycloalkenes, and 20-50% aromatics. [1] The final composition of products depends on the type of catalyst, Si:Al ratio, preparation method and reaction condition. The MTG process initially was assumed that methanol is dehydrated over acidic catalyst into an equilibrium mixture of methanol and dimethyl ether followed by formation of light olefins, which convert to a mixture of higher molecular weight products via a sequence of polymerization, isomerization, cyclization, alkylation, dealkylation, hydrogen transfer, cracking and reforming reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ketene additive and Si/Al ratio on the reaction of methanol over HZSM‐5 catalysts

Hassanpour

Zamani

Dabbagh

2017

Applied Organom Chemis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The influence of ketene as possible intermediate for the reaction of methanol to aromatics was investigated over HZSM‐5 catalysts (Si/Al ratio of 15 and 9) using diketene‐acetone (2,2,6‐trimethyl‐4H‐1,3‐dioxin‐4‐one) as ketene precursor under atmospheric pressure at 300 °C. The physicochemical properties of HZSM‐5 catalysts were investigated by NH3‐TPD, BET, XRD and ICP analysis. The distribution of products was measured by GC‐Mass spectrometer. These catalysts exhibit high reactivity and selectivity for the conversion of methanol and/or ketene to hydrocarbons (mostly high octane number xylenes, trimethylbenzenes, tetramethylbenzenes and ≤1.5% benzene). The conversion of neat diketene‐acetone over these catalysts produced aromatics compounds and significant amounts of oxygenated compounds (ketone, carboxylic acid, phenol, furan, pyran and others) depending on Si:Al ratio. These catalysts with high acid content produced small amount of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons without releasing significant amount of gas. The ketene and produced oxygenates from ketene appears to act as intermediates for the formation of aromatic compounds.

show abstract

The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum

Cited by 525 publications

References 0 publications

Influence of Polyphosphoric Acid on the Consistency and Composition of Formulated Bitumen: Standard Characterization and NMR Insights

Influence of Polyphosphoric Acid on the Consistency and Composition of Formulated Bitumen: Standard Characterization and NMR Insights

Vanadium: History, chemistry, interactions with α-amino acids and potential therapeutic applications

Effect of ketene additive and Si/Al ratio on the reaction of methanol over HZSM‐5 catalysts

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About