The chemistry and mass spectrometry of brominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans

Abstract

Brominated dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDDs and PBDFs) are known contaminants in commercial fire retardant preparations. Further, they are formed in incineration processes involving polybrominated biphenyl and diphenylether fire retardants. This report presents the characterization of polybrominated dioxins and dibenzofurans. In particular, environmental monitoring methodology for PBDDs and PBDFs has been developed, and confirmation criteria for G U M S analyses are presented.

Dioxin and Related Compounds

“…In all seal tissues, PCDF concentrations were greater than PCDDs with total PCDD/F TEQ concentrations of 150, 164, and 89 pg/ g ww in blubber, liver, and muscle, respectively. These concentrations were higher than those found in previous studies of pinnipeds from the Antarctic [205,206] possibly due to local sources on Livingston Island which hosts three permanent scientific bases.…”

“…Polybrominated dioxins and furans [198,206,207] can be analyzed under similar conditions to those for chlorinated dioxins and furans, however shorter thin film columns should used and care must be taken to limit contamination from PBDEs and degradation from light and heat [207][208][209][210][211].…”

“…Capital breeders, conversely, use already-existing lipid stores that were acquired prior to the breeding season as an energy source for egg development [205]. Capital breeding in ectotherms, including fish, reptiles and amphibians, is relatively common [206], whereas income breeding is relatively common in avian species. Local contaminant sources can be masked by maternal burdens in eggs, particularly in migratory species (e.g.…”

GC/MS Identification of Pyrolysis Products from Fire-retardant Brominated Epoxy Resin

“…275/277/ 279 and 290/292/294 ! 250/252/254 appear to be due to the loss of methyl radical and CHC-CH 3 and would support the structure of 2,6-dibromo-4-isopropenylphenol (11), showing similarities to those of 2-bromo-4-isopropenylphenol (Figure 3 in [16]). …”

Application of gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry to the determination of trace monobromopolychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins in environmental samples

“…(] Am Soc Mass Spectrom 1992, 3, 248-259) T he analy sis of environmental and biological samples for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) has received considerable public and scientific attention during the past several decades [1][2][3] because these compounds are highly toxic [4,5]. Recent fmdings of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PBDOs) in some samples [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] have also raised concern about their environmental impact. Brominated dioxins seem to ha ve similar or even high er toxicity than that of PCDDs, at least for some isomers (e.g., 2,3,7,8-Br4DO was show n to have higher activity than 2,3,7,8-Cl 4DD at ind ucing 7-ethyoxyresoru&n deethylase and aryl hydrocarbon hydro xylase [13,14]).…”