The chemical surface evaluation of black and white porous titanium granules and different commercial dental implants with energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy analysis

Abstract

Background The chemical surface structure of the porous titanium grafts has not been found to study in the literature on the similarity of chemical surfaces of different commercial dental implants. Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the chemical composition and surface energies of white (WPTG) and black porous titanium granules (PTG) by energy dispersive x‐ray spectrometry (EDX) analysis to compare with different commercial dental implant surface. Materials and Methods The surface chemical compositions of six commercially available dental implants with different surface structures, PTG and WPTG were examined by EDX analysis. Surface analyzes were performed on the apical, middle, and coronal parts of each implant and on the top, flank, and valley regions on each side. Surface analyzes of dental implants were evaluated at ×200 and ×2000 magnifications. The EDX evaluation of PTG grafts were evaluated at ×250, ×2000, ×5000, and ×50 000 magnifications. Results PTG grafts showed elements of Na (8.88 ± 9.98%), Cl (2.44 ± 1.96%), and Al (0.99 ± 0.37%) as well as Ti (90.06 ± 11.34%) molecule at ×5000 magnification. In WPTG, Ti (%34.55 ± 6.41%) and O (%65.44 ± 6.42%) molecules were detected. Conclusions It has been found that PTG surface was not made of pure titanium, it has different chemical molecules at larger magnifications. Cell culture and experimental studies are needed to establish a relationship between the different commercial implants and the surface structure of the titanium granules.

Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopic Investigation of Failed Dental Implants Associated with Odontogenic Maxillary Sinusitis

“…Although it has been proven to be a reliable and a practical method, there is no consensus on the chemical compositions of dental implants. Ti concentration in CP-Ti implants is reported to range approximately from 22.5% [18] to 100% [17], while also finding the existence of some impure contents such as Al, Fe, Si and Na [24]. In this study, EDS compositional maps of the failed implants provide evidence of C and O enrichment in the surrounding bone.…”

“…In addition to Ti as a major component of dental implants, O and C are commonly found in the chemical composition of dental implants; all of these are not considered harmful elements [17,18]. However, several studies have reported findings of other elements in the implant surface such as nitrogen (N), F, P, chloride (Cl), and Na together with some inorganic impurities such as Al, zinc (Zn), Si, and Mg, among others [17,19]. These inorganic chemical compositions are suggested to be the products of a corrosion process [20].…”

Surface Treatment of the Dental Implant with Hyaluronic Acid: An Overview of Recent Data

“…The surface contamination due to the adsorption of hydrocarbons present in the atmosphere introduces presence of carbon on the surface; in the second case the titanium signal almost disappeared, the ratios O/Ti and C/Ti increased and the nitrogen rose up to 14%. The presence of this organic molecule confirmed that collagen was in the titanium surface [ 62 ].…”

Analysis of the Chemical Composition and Morphological Characterization of Tissue Osseointegrated to a Dental Implant after 5 Years of Function

“…Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) is useful for studying the elemental composition of mineralized tissues or mineral deposits (apatite). In addition, it can detect elements that may have migrated from an implant material to the bone tissue [ 10 ].…”