The chemical constituents of ethanolic extract from Stauntonia hexaphylla leaves and their anti-inflammatory effects

Abstract

Stauntonia hexaphylla (Lardizabalaceae) is an important medicinal plant in Korea, Japan, and China. Its leaves are used to treat many diseases because of their analgesic, sedative, and diuretic effects; however, there are few reports on their chemical constituents and biological activities. This study divided an ethanol extract into dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and water fractions. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethanol extracts led to the isolation of seven compounds (1−7). Their structures were determined using one-and twodimensional nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectroscopy, and comparisons with reported values. To our knowledge, this is the first report of 1-7 from S. hexaphylla. The antiinflammatory effects of the extract, fractions, and isolated compounds were investigated by suppressing cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in Western blots. The ethanol (EtOH) extract (20 µg/mL), DCM fraction (20 µg/mL), and compound 1 (10 µM) decreased COX-2 and iNOS expression significantly in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. These results suggest that S. hexaphylla leaves and compound 1 isolated from S. hexaphylla are useful candidates for treating inflammatory and other diseases.

Bioactive Compounds from Polygala tenuifolia and Their Inhibitory Effects on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Production in Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells

“…Inflammatory cells produce cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-12 p40, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. IL-12 p40, IL-6, and TNF-α play important roles in the inflammatory response, as well as cell apoptosis and transformation [ 1 ]. Many studies have focused on the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines in an effort to decrease inflammation-related diseases [ 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

Discrimination and quality evaluation of fifteen components in Stauntonia hexaphylla leaves from different harvest time by HPLC–PDA–ESI–MS/MS and ELSD coupled with multivariate statistical analysis and anti-inflammatory activity evaluation

“…By analyzing and comparing previous studies and data, the compounds were finally identified as mutongsaponin E and yemuoside YM12 [19][20][21][22]. Similarly, according to fragment ions and our previous experimental data, peaks 8 and 12 were tentatively identified as akebia saponin D and cussonoside A [10,[23][24][25]. Figure 2 clearly shows that the chemical composition and relative content in SHL from different years and seasons are considerably different.…”

“…In our previous study, triterpenoid saponins separated from SHL exhibited three types of aglycones, which included oleanolic acid, hederagenin, and akebonic acid [10]. Peak 5 exhibited pseudomolecular ions [M−H] − and [M+NH 4 ] + at m/z 1057.5 and 1076.6 in negative and positive modes, respectively (Additional file 1: Figure S2).…”

Enhancement of an In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Oleanolic Acid through Glycosylation Occurring Naturally in Stauntonia hexaphylla

“…The genus Stauntonia produces various phytochemicals, such as oleanane triterpenoids [6], phenolic glycosides [7] and triterpene saponins [8], which exhibit diverse pharmacological effects including anti-HIV-1 protease [9], anti-gout [10,11], anti-diabetic [12] and anti-osteoporotic [13] effects. In the previous study, we had identified several triterpene glycosides that inhibited the activation of an established macrophage cell line called RAW 264.7 in vitro [14,15]. Previously, oleanane triterpene saponins have shown anti-inflammatory inhibitory effects, such as aster saponin C2 [16], and kalopanaxsaponin B [17].…”

“…In this study, the preliminary comparison of anti-inflammatory activity of these saponins with their aglycon was also discussed. Additionally, to investigate the in vivo efficacies of the saponins and the aglycon, we performed an animal experiment widely used for determining macrophage-dependent immune response, i.e., the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse sepsis model, administered orally with either the saponin or the aglycon beforehand [14,15,18]. Several studies have reported using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to measure the content of saponins in herbal medicines for better accuracy [20].…”