Bioactive Compounds from Polygala tenuifolia and Their Inhibitory Effects on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Production in Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells

Abstract

The roots of Polygala tenuifolia Wild (Polygalaceae), which is among the most important components of traditional Chinese herbal medicine, have been widely used for over 1000 years to treat a variety of diseases. In the current investigation of secondary metabolites with anti-inflammatory properties from Korean medicinal plants, a phytochemical constituent study led to the isolation of 15 compounds (1–15) from the roots of P. tenuifolia via a combination of chromatographic methods. Their structures were determined by means of spectroscopic data such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 1D- and 2D-NMR, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). As the obtained results, the isolated compounds were divided into two groups—phenolic glycosides (1–9) and triterpenoid saponins (10–15). The anti-inflammatory effects of crude extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds were investigated on the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-12 p40, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor-α in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. The IC50 values, ranging from 0.08 ± 0.01 to 21.05 ± 0.40 μM, indicated potent inhibitory effects of the isolated compounds on the production of all three pro-inflammatory cytokines. In particular, compounds 3–12, 14, and 15 showed promising anti-inflammatory activity. These results suggest that phenolic and triterpenoid saponins from P. tenuifolia may be excellent anti-inflammatory agents.

Inhibitory Effects of Cucurbitane-Type Triterpenoids from Momordica charantia Fruit on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Production in Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells

“…BMDCs were grown from wild-type C57BL/6 mice (Orient Bio Inc., Seoul, Korea) [ 31 , 32 ]. All animal procedures were approved by and performed according to the guidelines of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Jeju National University (#2016-0059).…”

“…Supernatants were harvested 18 h after stimulation. Concentrations of murine IL-12 p40, IL-6, and TNF-α in the culture supernatants were determined by ELISA (BD PharMingen, San Diego, CA, USA) following the manufacturer’s protocol [ 31 , 32 ]. All experiments were carried out at least three times.…”

Isolation, Characterization and In Silico Studies of Secondary Metabolites from the Whole Plant of Polygala inexpectata Peşmen & Erik

“…Besides, more than 140 compounds have been isolated from the Polygala species [ 17 ]. These compounds are mostly xanthones [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ], saponins [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ], and oligosaccharides [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. Some other secondary metabolites include coumarins [ 42 , 43 , 44 ], flavonoids [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ], sterols [ 52 ], and lignans [ 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ].…”

Special Issue Editorial: Isolation and Analysis of Characteristic Compounds from Herbal and Plant Extracts

“…By isolating and characterizing the compounds in extracts, it helps to elucidate the pharmacological activities from the extract and explains the biochemical metabolism of compounds inside plants and herbs. In this Special Issue, thirteen research articles [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] and two reviews [14,15] focusing on isolation and analysis of compounds from plant extracts have been published. This Special Issue of Plants covers a broad range of recent findings of isolation, profiling, analysis of compounds from herbal and plant extracts, quality control, and standardization of processing extracts with characterized compounds.…”

“…Vinh et al isolated 15 compounds from methanolic extracts of P. tenuifolia root to discover new antiinflammatory agents. As a result, they suggested potential candidates for the treatment of inflammation [1].…”