The Characterisation and Pathogenicity of Porcine Enteroviruses Isolated in Victoria

Abstract

SUMMARY Approximately 23 viruses were isolated from healthy pigs, pigs with encephalitis, and in cases of reproductive failure. Five viruses were identified as enteroviruses and a total of 10 isolates were shown to cross‐react serologically to varying degrees. Twenty viruses were neutralised by a reference antiserum of serotype 8 porcine enterovirus. Intracerebral inoculation of colostrum‐deprived piglets with 2 of the characterised viruses caused lesions of encephalomyelitis which were not induced by oral infection. Intrafoetal inoculation of 2 sows with one characterised faecal isolate caused foetal death and abortion, but no adverse effects followed oral dosage.

High prevalence, genetic diversity and a potentially novel genotype of Sapelovirus A (Picornaviridae) in enteric and respiratory samples in Hungarian swine farms

“…PSVs were mostly detectable from enteric samples followed by nasal swabs and rarely in serum (Table 3). Although PSVs have been suspected as porcine pathogens in both enteric as well as respiratory diseases [5,38,39], and PSV is detectable in lung tissue samples [5,6] this is to our knowledge the first report of PSV RNA in nasal swabs. Despite the same age of animals and time of sampling the prevalence of PSVs in enteric samples and nasal swabs showed great variations.…”

“…Beside the use of multiple sets of general primer-pairs targeting different parts of the capsid (Table S1) full-length VP1 sequences could only be determined from less than half of the PSV 3D RdRp RT-PCR positive samples (mostly from enteric origin) probably due to primer mismatch, which could reflect a high sequence divergence of field strains of PSVs as found in other countries [10,20,39].…”

Skeletal and neurological malformations in pigs congenitally infected with Menangle virus

“…These include Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in Japan and other parts of south east Asia, 12,13 La Piedad Michoacan virus (LPMV, Mexican blue eye paramyxovirus) in Mexico 14 and Menangle virus (MenV) in Australia 15,16 . Porcine enteroviruses 17 and ruminant pestiviruses (bovine viral diarrhoea virus) 18,19 have also been associated with reproductive disease in pigs. Infection of embryos and fetuses with these viruses leads to in utero death, with subsequent resorption and/or mummification of fetuses, reduced numbers of live born piglets and increased proportions of mummified fetuses and stillborn piglets.…”

Diagnosis of Porcine teschovirus encephalomyelitis in the Republic of Haiti

“…20 Outbreaks of teschovirus encephalomyelitis were reported in Europe from 1929 to the 1950s, with the virus spreading to other continents; however, the severe form of the disease has not been reported in Western Europe after 1980, and it is now considered rare (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [FAO] 20 Since 1996, teschovirus encephalomyelitis has been reported to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) by Belarus, Japan, Latvia, Madagascar, Moldavia, Romania, Russia, Uganda, and Ukraine (FAO; Center for Food Security and Public Health of Iowa State University). 20 Milder forms of the disease have been observed in Western Europe, Africa, 16 the United States, 1,14 Canada, 16 Australia, 8 and China. 6 Porcine teschovirus can enter the body by ingestion and multiply in the gastrointestinal tract and associated lymphoid tissues, including the tonsils (Center for Food Security and Public Health of Iowa State University).…”