“…Ferguson, Jarrett, andTerras (2011) and Pilnick, Clegg, Murphy, and Almack (2010) reported how supporters actively shaped decisions to reduce risk or ensure an outcome they perceived to be in the best interests of the person with intellectual disability. The negative impact of staff with inadequate communication skills, knowledge of the impact of intellectual disability, or awareness of their own values was evident in a number of studies (Antaki et al, 2009;Ferguson et al, 2011;Sowney & Barr, 2007). Such factors were compounded by risk averse organisational management (Hawkins, Redley, & Holland, 2011) or the pressured nature of some environments in which decisions have to be made (Bigby et al, 2011;Sowney & Barr, 2007).…”