The Cerebellar-Hypothalamic Axis: Basic Circuits and Clinical Observations

Haines, Duane E.; Dietrichs, Espen; Mihailoff, Gregory A.; McDonald, Emily F.

doi:10.1016/s0074-7742(08)60348-7

Cited by 138 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Thus, in the emotional domain, measuring cerebellar function with regards to state estimation and its ability to process and predict sequential events allows one to compare different states, integrating internal and external events at the unconscious and conscious levels. This is allowed by the cerebellar integrated functioning in the complex neural networks that subserve the unconscious and conscious components of the emotional domain [56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, it receives afferent nerves from the medial mammillary bodies [57,58] and multi-modal deep layers of the superior colliculus in addition to being connected bi-directionally to the hypothalamus [59] and the brainstem areas (ventral tegmental area, periaqueductal gray, and locus ceruleus) that are related to the limbic and paralimbic regions [60]. The cerebellum receives information from the paralimbic cortices in the cingulate gyrus [61] via their projections to the pontine nuclei [62,63].…”

Section: Emotional Unconscious and Conscious Circuitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of the Cerebellum in Unconscious and Conscious Processing of Emotions: A Review

et al. 2017

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Abstract:Studies from the past three decades have demonstrated that there is cerebellar involvement in the emotional domain. Emotional processing in humans requires both unconscious and conscious mechanisms. A significant amount of evidence indicates that the cerebellum is one of the cerebral structures that subserve emotional processing, although conflicting data has been reported on its function in unconscious and conscious mechanisms. This review discusses the available clinical, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological data on this issue. We also propose a model in which the cerebellum acts as a mediator between the internal state and external environment for the unconscious and conscious levels of emotional processing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Emotional Unconscious and Conscious Circuitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Cerebellum in Unconscious and Conscious Processing of Emotions: A Review

et al. 2017

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“…The anterior cerebellar lobe received inputs from the mediocaudal basilar pontine nucleus, 37 which is interconnected with the hypothalamus and limbic and autonomic cortical areas. 38 This cerebellar region may therefore represent one of the targets of the rubro-olivary system mobilized in the brain resting state and may participate in a limbic/ autonomic loop anchored in the RN. It is noteworthy that the inferior olive and cerebellum (HV), and apparently the rubral area, are specifically recruited while encoding temporal information of "unexpected" sensory events.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, functional imaging 24 has demonstrated activation in the RN, SN, and periaqueductal gray matter during pain processing, especially the emotive salience of visceral pain. Therefore, the red nuclear activity must be influenced by cortical and subcortical emotional information and may then modulate the cognitive and affective cerebellum 17,38 via the bulbar olivary nucleus or directly via, at least, the interposed nucleus. 41 Correlated BOLD fluctuations within the contralateral RN were also found for each RN and mostly in the bilateral homologous cortical and subcortical regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Connectivity of the Human Red Nucleus in the Brain Resting State at 3T

Nioche¹,

Cabanis²,

Habas³

2008

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Previous structural data obtained with diffusion tensor imaging axonal tracking have demonstrated possible in vivo connections between the human red nucleus (RN) and the sensorimotor and associative cortical areas. However, tractographic reconstructions can include false trajectories because of, for instance, the low spatial resolution of diffusion images or the inability to precisely detect fiber crossings. The rubral network was therefore reassessed by functional connectivity during the brain resting state. Because the RN is located very close to the substantia nigra (SN), the nigral network was also studied to ensure that these 2 circuits were correctly dissociated.

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“…Recently, direct bidirectional connections were revealed to exist between the cerebellum and hypothalamus: ie, these are the hypothalamic-cerebellar projection and the www.nature.com/aps Zhu JZ et al Acta Pharmacologica Sinica npg cerebellar-hypothalamic projection, which constitute the cerebellar-hypothalamic circuits [12] . The cerebellar-hypothalamic projection arises from the DCN, passes through the decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle (DSCP) and projects into the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscimol microinjection into cerebellar fastigial nucleus exacerbates stress-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats

et al. 2012

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Aim: To investigate the effects of microinjection of the GABA A receptor agonist muscimol into cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FN) on stressinduced gastric mucosal damage and the underlying mechanism in rats. Methods: Stress-induced gastric mucosal damage was induced in adult male SD rats by restraining and immersing them in cold water for 3 h. GABA A receptor agonist or antagonist was microinjected into the lateral FN. The decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle (DSCP) was electrically destroyed and the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) was chemically ablated by microinjection of kainic acid. The pathological changes in the gastric mucosa were evaluated using TUNEL staining, immunohistochemistry staining and Western blotting. Results: Microinjection of muscimol (1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 µg) into FN significantly exacerbated the stress-induced gastric mucosal damage in a dose-dependent manner, whereas microinjection of GABA A receptor antagonist bicuculline attenuated the damage. The intensifying effect of muscimol on gastric mucosal damage was abolished by electrical lesion of DSCP or chemical ablation of LHA performed 3 d before microinjection of muscimol. Microinjection of muscimol markedly increased the discharge frequency of the greater splanchnic nerve, significantly increased the gastric acid volume and acidity, and further reduced the gastric mucosal blood flow. In the gastric mucosa, further reduced proliferation cells, enhanced apoptosis, and decreased anti-oxidant levels were observed following microinjection of muscimol. Conclusion: Cerebellar FN participates in the regulation of stress-induced gastric mucosal damage, and cerebello-hypothalamic circuits contribute to the process.

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The Cerebellar-Hypothalamic Axis: Basic Circuits and Clinical Observations

Cited by 138 publications

References 67 publications

The Role of the Cerebellum in Unconscious and Conscious Processing of Emotions: A Review

The Role of the Cerebellum in Unconscious and Conscious Processing of Emotions: A Review

Functional Connectivity of the Human Red Nucleus in the Brain Resting State at 3T

Muscimol microinjection into cerebellar fastigial nucleus exacerbates stress-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats

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