The center of the center of marine shore fish biodiversity: the Philippine Islands

Carpenter, Kent E.; Springer, Victor G.

doi:10.1007/s10641-004-3154-4

Cited by 356 publications

(254 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…from E. coioides from Segara Anakan lagoon; it was also recorded within the present study but so far not identified to the species level. This provides further evidence for the high parasite biodiversity in Indonesian waters Palm, 2000;Carpenter & Springer, 2005;Yuniar et al, 2007), encouraging further parasitological studies within the region. Most recently, Justine et al (2010) added one more parasite record, Argathona rhinoceros, for E. coioides from New Caledonian waters.…”

Section: Grouper Parasitessupporting

confidence: 59%

Parasites of the grouper fishEpinephelus coioides(Serranidae) as potential environmental indicators in Indonesian coastal ecosystems

Kleinertz

Palm

2013

J. Helminthol.

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A total of 195 Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton, 1822) were studied for fish parasites from Javanese (Segara Anakan lagoon) and Balinese waters. Up to 25 different parasite species belonging to the following taxa: one Ciliata, one Microsporea, five Digenea, one Monogenea, four Cestoda, four Nematoda, one Acanthocephala, one Hirudinea and seven Crustacea were identified with four new host and locality records. The dominant parasites included the monogenean Pseudorhabdosynochus lantauensis (53.3 -97.1%), the nematode Spirophilometra endangae (23.3 -42.9%), the digenean Didymodiclinus sp. (2.9 -40.0%), the nematodes Philometra sp. (22.6 -34.3%) and Raphidascaris sp. (2.9 -28.6%), and the isopod Alcirona sp. (6.7 -31.4%). Regional differences for E. coioides were found in terms of endoparasite diversity, total diversity according to ShannonWiener, Simpson index and Evenness. A comparison with published data from Sumatera revealed highest endoparasite diversity (Shannon -Wiener: 1.86/1.67-2.04) and lowest ectoparasite/endoparasite ratio (0.73/0.57 -0.88) off the Balinese coast, followed by Lampung Bay, Sumatera

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Section: Grouper Parasitessupporting

confidence: 59%

Parasites of the grouper fishEpinephelus coioides(Serranidae) as potential environmental indicators in Indonesian coastal ecosystems

Kleinertz

Palm

2013

J. Helminthol.

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“…Aside from more pressing economic reasons (White et al 2000), fisheries conservation and management are particularly urgent in the Philippines because the country is considered as the epicenter of global marine biodiversity (Carpenter and Springer 2005). Currently, the Philippines has implemented *1,169 marine reserves (Arceo et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trajectories and magnitude of change in coral reef fish populations in Philippine marine reserves: a meta-analysis

et al. 2009

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Marine reserves are widely implemented worldwide to meet both conservation and fisheries management goals. This study examines the efficacy of Philippine marine reserves using meta-analysis by comparing variations in fish density (1) between reserves and adjacent fished reefs (spatial comparison), (2) within reserves before establishment relative to years following the establishment (temporal comparison), and (3) among reserves classified based on size, age, and enforcement capacity. A grand (total) mean of nineteen 22.3 ha coral reef reserves, protected for a mean duration of 8.2 years, were included in the meta-analyses. The overall density of fishes was higher in the reserves compared with the fished reefs and this difference was largely accounted for by exploited fishes. However, the overall density of fishes within the same reserves remained similar from the period before its establishment to several years following its establishment.Only the density of nonexploited fishes increased significantly during years subsequent to the establishment of the reserves. Neither age nor size of reserves correlated with pattern of change in fish density following the establishment of the reserves; however, fish density was consistently higher in larger and older reserves relative to smaller and younger reserves in the spatial comparison. Furthermore, well-enforced reserves had higher density of exploited fishes relative to less-enforced reserves in both spatial and temporal comparisons. In general, the magnitude and trajectory of change in fish density following the establishment of Philippine marine reserves are influenced by (1) functional groups of fishes under consideration, (2) size and age of the reserve, and (3) level of enforcement of the regulatory mechanisms necessary to sustain a marine reserve.

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“…Empirical evidence from reef fish (Carpenter and Springer, 2005;Tornabene et al, 2015) and marine invertebrates (Veron, 1995;Barber and Bellwood, 2005;Lavery et al, 1996;Crandall et al, 2008) indicate that the IAA and the regions within the WP function as a centre of speciation producing new species which move outwards. This is further supported by the observation that the higher proportions of endemic species being present in the furthest corners of the peripheral areas such as the red sea in the IO and the Hawaiian islands in the Eastern Pacific (Mora et al, 2003;Tittensor et al, 2010;DiBattista et al, 2016a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeographic origins of the viviparous sea snake assemblage (Elapidae) of the Indian Ocean

et al. 2017

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Abstract:One of the primary goals in biogeography is to understand how different biotas have been assembled in different regions of the world. The presence of the viviparous sea snakes in the Indian Ocean (IO) poses a unique question in this regard due to their evolutionary origins in Australasia (Australia and New Guinea). Here, we examined the origins and patterns of colonization of the IO sea snake assemblage through time-calibrated molecular phylogenies and ancestral area reconstructions. We further evaluated how past and present barriers to dispersal affect genetic diversity of IO sea snakes by examining the population genetic structure of the widespread sea snake, Hydrophis curtus. Our phylogenetic analyses and ancestral area reconstructions strongly indicate that the majority of the IO sea snakes are derived from the Southeast Asian (SEA) sea snake fauna through dispersal and colonization with an in situ radiation (Hydrophis stricticollis-Hydrophis obscurus clade). Further, many species have undergone vicariant speciation events across the Sunda shelf/Indo-Pacific barrier, which formed during the low sea level periods of the Pleistocene. Population genetic analysis of H. curtus revealed a prominent genetic break between populations broadly distributed in the IO and SEA with limited recent gene flow indicating possible cryptic species. These results suggest that compared to the viviparous sea snake stem group that originated 10.6-6.5 million years ago, the IO viviparous sea snakes have a relatively long and complex evolutionary history in the IO and thus have a unique conservation value.

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The center of the center of marine shore fish biodiversity: the Philippine Islands

Cited by 356 publications

References 36 publications

Parasites of the grouper fishEpinephelus coioides(Serranidae) as potential environmental indicators in Indonesian coastal ecosystems

Parasites of the grouper fishEpinephelus coioides(Serranidae) as potential environmental indicators in Indonesian coastal ecosystems

Trajectories and magnitude of change in coral reef fish populations in Philippine marine reserves: a meta-analysis

Biogeographic origins of the viviparous sea snake assemblage (Elapidae) of the Indian Ocean

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