Parasites of the grouper fishEpinephelus coioides(Serranidae) as potential environmental indicators in Indonesian coastal ecosystems

Abstract

A total of 195 Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton, 1822) were studied for fish parasites from Javanese (Segara Anakan lagoon) and Balinese waters. Up to 25 different parasite species belonging to the following taxa: one Ciliata, one Microsporea, five Digenea, one Monogenea, four Cestoda, four Nematoda, one Acanthocephala, one Hirudinea and seven Crustacea were identified with four new host and locality records. The dominant parasites included the monogenean Pseudorhabdosynochus lantauensis (53.3 -97.1%), the nematode Spirophilometra endangae (23.3 -42.9%), the digenean Didymodiclinus sp. (2.9 -40.0%), the nematodes Philometra sp. (22.6 -34.3%) and Raphidascaris sp. (2.9 -28.6%), and the isopod Alcirona sp. (6.7 -31.4%). Regional differences for E. coioides were found in terms of endoparasite diversity, total diversity according to ShannonWiener, Simpson index and Evenness. A comparison with published data from Sumatera revealed highest endoparasite diversity (Shannon -Wiener: 1.86/1.67-2.04) and lowest ectoparasite/endoparasite ratio (0.73/0.57 -0.88) off the Balinese coast, followed by Lampung Bay, Sumatera

Assessment ofEpinephelus coioides(Hamilton, 1822) aquaculture systems in the Gulf of Tonkin, Vietnam, by using fish parasites

“…(4–5) Prevalence of Trichodina sp. because it has been used to estimate bacterial biomass in polluted waters (Kleinertz & Palm, ; Ogut & Palm, ; Palm et al., ) and Cryptocaryon irritans as it has been documented as an indicator for stress and polluted environments (Diamant et al., ; Overstreet, ). Both parasite species (often interacting with stress factors) cause diseases and mortality in intensive grouper culture systems in Asia (Cruz‐Lacierda & Erazo‐Pagador, ; Tonguthai & Leong, ), and consequently are a threat to the health status of the sampled fish.…”

“…indet.) were omitted from calculations, since they might represent other recorded taxa (see Kleinertz & Palm, ; Kleinertz et al., ; Palm, ).…”

“…Fish parasites have been used as biological indicators in tropical waters, as exemplified by the free‐living E. areolatus and E. coioides (e.g., Kleinertz, Damriyasa, Hagen, Theisen, & Palm, ; Kleinertz & Palm, ; Neubert, Yulianto, Theisen, Kleinertz, & Palm, ) and maricultured E. coioides and E. fuscoguttatus (Palm, Kleinertz, & Rückert, ; Palm, Yulianto, Theisen, Rückert, & Kleinertz, ; Rückert, Klimpel, Al‐Quraishy, Mehlhorn, & Palm, ). The aim of the present study was to apply this methodology to maricultured E. coioides obtained from the wild as well as from three different aquaculture systems in the Gulf of Tonkin.…”

Updates on Aquatic Parasites in Fisheries: Implications to Food Safety, Food Security and Environmental Protection

“…; and the digenean Didymodiclinus sp.) as an early warning system for environmental changes in Indonesian ecosystem has been reported [98]. Other study has demonstrated that parasites:a) may influence the metabolism of pollutants in infected hosts, b) interact with pollution in synergistic or antagonistic ways, and c) may induce physiological reactions in hosts which were thought to be pollutant-induced [10].…”

Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution and Fish Parasites as Biological Indicators at Arabian Gulf off Dammam Coast, Saudi Arabia

“…Heavy metal pollution in coastal and marine environments have become a serious threat to the increasingly emphasized to both naturally marine ecosystems and humans who depend on marine resources for food and entertainment industry (Ozden, 2010;Kleinertz and Palm, 2015). They are introduced to coastal and marine environments through a variety of sources and activities including sewage and industrial effluents, coastal modifications and oil pollution (Sale et al, 2010;Irnawati et al, 2014).…”