The CD59 antigen is a structural homologue of murine Ly‐6 antigens but lacks interferon inducibility

Philbrick, William M.; Palfree, Roger G. E.; Maher, Stephen E.; Bridgett, Margot M.; Sirlin, Sonia; Bothwell, Alfred L.M.

doi:10.1002/eji.1830200113

Cited by 55 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The Ly-6SF complex exists in two allelic forms, with Ly-6.1 alleles generally being expressed at lower levels than their Ly-6.2 counterparts (10). Human homologues were first recognized with the identification of CD59, which has a well characterized role as an inhibitor of the complement membrane attack complex (11)(12)(13). Certainly, CD59 homologues have been characterized in rabbit (14), rat (15), pig (16), and mouse (17).…”

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confidence: 99%

Ly-6I, a New Member of the Murine Ly-6 Superfamily with a Distinct Pattern of Expression

Pflugh

Maher

Bothwell

2000

The Journal of Immunology

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A new member of the mouse Ly-6SF, designated Ly-6I, has been isolated as a gene homologous to a segment of the Ly-6C gene. A single allelic difference in the mature protein sequence was identified, which is similar to other Ly-6SF members. Ly-6I mRNA has been detected in a wide range of tissues and cell lines, and a rabbit polyclonal Ab has been used to determine that Ly-6I protein is present at a low constitutive level on cell lines from several different lineages. In contrast to Ly-6C and Ly-6A/E, the Ly-6I gene is only weakly responsive to IFNs. Expression in vivo is most abundant on bone marrow populations and is coexpressed with Ly-6C on granulocytes and macrophages. However, Ly-6I is also expressed on immature B cell populations that do not express Ly-6C. Expression on mature B cells in spleen is uniformly low. Similarly, Ly-6I is expressed on TCRlow/int, but not TCRhigh, thymocytes. Ly-6I is re-expressed on Ly-6Chigh T cells in the periphery. Thus, Ly-6I may be a useful marker to define maturation stages of both T and B lymphocytes as well as subsets of monocytes and granulocytes.

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confidence: 99%

Ly-6I, a New Member of the Murine Ly-6 Superfamily with a Distinct Pattern of Expression

Pflugh

Maher

Bothwell

2000

The Journal of Immunology

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“…Southern blot analysis indicates that there is one gene that encodes CD59 in N. fowleri. Similarly, the human and rat genomes also contain one gene for CD59 (28,29). In contrast, the mouse genome con- tains two CD59 genes (29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Northern analysis of RNA from pathogenic N. fowleri amebae revealed the presence of a predominate 2-kb transcript which hybridized to a human CD59 cDNA probe. It is well recognized that human CD59 possesses four RNA transcripts ranging from 0.7 to 5.8 kb, one of which is also 2 kb (28,32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following human CD59 cDNA, from the myelogenous leukemia cell line K562, was provided by Alfred Bothwell, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT: GGGGGCTGAG CGCAGAAGCG GC TCGAGGCT GGAAGAGGAT CCTGGGCGCC GCAGGTTCTG TGGACA ATCA CAATGGGAAT CCAAGGAGGG TCTGTCCTGT TCGGGCTGCT GCTCGTCCTG GCTGTCTTCT GCCATTCAGG TCATAGCCTG CAGTG CTACA ACTGTCCTAA CCCAACTGCT GACTGCAAAA CAGCCGTCAA TTGTTCATCT GATTTTGATG CGTGTCTCAT TACCAAAGCT GGGTTA CAAG TGTATAACAA GTGTTGGAAG TTTGAGCATT GCAATTTCAA CGACGTCACA ACCCGCTTGA GGGAAAATGA GCTAACGTAC TACT GCTGCA AGAAGGACCT GTGTAACTTT AACGAACAGC TTGAAA ATGG TGGGACATCC TTATCAGAGA AAACAGTTCT TCTGCTGGTG ACTCCATTTC TGGCAGCAGC CTGGAGCCTT CATCCCTAAG TC (28).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of aNaegleria fowleriMembrane Protein Reactive with Anti-Human CD59 Antibody

Fritzinger

Toney²,

MacLean

et al. 2006

Infect Immun

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Naegleria fowleri, the causative agent of primary amebic meningoencephalitis, is resistant to complement lysis. The presence of a complement regulatory protein on the surface of N. fowleri was investigated. Southern blot and Northern blot analyses demonstrated hybridization of a radiolabeled cDNA probe for CD59 to genomic DNA and RNA, respectively, from pathogenic N. fowleri. An 18-kDa immunoreactive protein was detected on the membrane of N. fowleri by Western immunoblot and immunofluorescence analyses with monoclonal antibodies for human CD59. Complement component C9 immunoprecipitated with the N. fowleri "CD59-like" protein from amebae incubated with normal human serum. In contrast, a gene or protein similar to CD59 was not detected in nonpathogenic, complement-sensitive N. gruberi amebae. Collectively, our studies suggest that a protein reactive with antibodies to human CD59 is present on the surface of N. fowleri amebae and may play a role in resistance to lysis by cytolytic proteins.Naegleria fowleri, an ameboflagellate found in freshwater lakes and ponds, is the causative agent of primary amebic meningoencephalitis, a rapidly fatal disease of the central nervous system (1, 7). The determinants of virulence for this ameba are unknown, but resistance to complement lysis appears to play a major role in its pathogenicity (13,30). Both pathogenic and nonpathogenic Naegleria species activate the alternative pathway of complement (16). However, pathogenic N. fowleri amebae are resistant to the lytic effect of complement (36). Immunoelectrophoretic studies have established that complement components C3 and C5 are converted to C3b and C5b, respectively, following incubation of complementresistant N. fowleri in normal human serum (NHS) (37). These results suggest that complement regulation by N. fowleri occurs at the stage of membrane attack complex (MAC) formation.CD59 is an 18-to 20-kDa glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol/inositol-anchored glycoprotein found on the surface of a variety of cell types which functions to inhibit complete formation of the MAC of complement. CD59 inhibition of complement lysis occurs by binding complement components C8 and C9, ultimately preventing C9 insertion into and polymerization in the cell membrane (9). The purpose of the present study was to determine whether complement-regulatory protein CD59, which is present on mammalian cells, could be detected on pathogenic N. fowleri amebae.Molecular and immunology-based assays were used to test the hypothesis. Southern blot analysis was performed to determine whether N. fowleri possesses the CD59 gene. Northern blot analysis was utilized to identify the presence of CD59 transcripts expressed by complement-resistant N. fowleri amebae. With monoclonal antibodies to human CD59, an immunoreactive protein was detected in the membrane fraction of N. fowleri by Western immunoblot analysis. Immunoprecipitation studies were used to establish whether the ameba "CD59-like" protein was able to associate with human complement component C9. In addition, an...

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“…Blockade of surface Ly-6C interactions inhibited cytolytic activity and IFN-γ production of CTL [77]. Based on cDNA sequence analysis, human CD59, i.e., protectin, is a structural homologue of murine Ly-6C [78,79], although functional differences have been noted between CD59 and Ly-6C [80]. Evidence supporting a role for CD59 in IBD has been equivocal.…”

Section: Ly-6c -A Costimulatory Molecule That Operates Through a Cd3-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation and Costimulation of Intestinal T Cells: Independent and Collaborative Involvement of CD43, OX40, and Ly-6C

Montufar-Solis¹,

Klein²

2005

CIR

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T cells are present in large numbers in the epithelial lining of the small and large intestine of humans and mice. Those cells, referred to as intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), are critical for maintaining an effective mucosal immune response against the onslaught of enteric infectious agents and intestinal neoplasia. However, because intestinal immunity must by necessity occur rapidly and efficiently, it is concomitantly important that the local intestinal immune response be curtailed so as not to result in conditions that lead to a destructive inflammatory environment as occurs in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although many aspects of the IEL activation process remain to be understood, emerging evidence indicates that costimulatory molecules on IELs are critical for activation and that they hold the key to regulating intestinal immunity across many levels. In this article, the involvement of three IEL costimulatory molecules (CD43, OX40, and Ly-6C) -working independently or in collaboration-will be discussed in the context of immunity and disease in the human and mouse intestine, and the involvement of those in sustaining the IELs in a uniquely precarious but effective state of activation readiness will be explored.

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The CD59 antigen is a structural homologue of murine Ly‐6 antigens but lacks interferon inducibility

Cited by 55 publications

References 32 publications

Ly-6I, a New Member of the Murine Ly-6 Superfamily with a Distinct Pattern of Expression

Ly-6I, a New Member of the Murine Ly-6 Superfamily with a Distinct Pattern of Expression

Identification of aNaegleria fowleriMembrane Protein Reactive with Anti-Human CD59 Antibody

Activation and Costimulation of Intestinal T Cells: Independent and Collaborative Involvement of CD43, OX40, and Ly-6C

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