The CCA‐adding enzyme: A central scrutinizer in tRNA quality control

Betat, Heike; Mörl, Mario

doi:10.1002/bies.201500043

Cited by 39 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…It is also play important role in transport of tRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and acts as a checkpoint for tRNA maturity. The 3′CCA sequence is synthesized by a CCA-adding enzyme popularly known as tRNA nucleotidyl transferase (Shi et al, 1998; Vortler and Morl, 2010; Betat and Mörl, 2015). The attachment of CCA does not occur in few prokaryotes because they already contain the CCA tail in their genetic architecture and a few of them lack CCA tail adding enzyme.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyses of Genomic tRNA Reveal Presence of Novel tRNAs in Oryza sativa

Mohanta

Bae

2017

Front. Genet.

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Transfer rRNAs are important molecules responsible for the translation event during protein synthesis. tRNAs are widespread found in unicellular to multi-cellular organisms. Analysis of tRNA gene family members in Oryza sativa revealed the presence of 750 tRNA genes distributed unevenly in different chromosomes. The length of O. sativa tRNAs genes were ranged from 66 to 91 nucleotides encoding 52 isoacceptor in total. tRNASer found in chromosome 8 of O. sativa encoded only 66 nucleotides which is the smallest tRNA of O. sativa and to our knowledge, this is the smallest gene of eukaryotic lineage reported so far. Analyses revealed the presence of several novel/pseudo tRNA genes in O. sativa which are reported for the first time. Multiple sequence alignment of tRNAs revealed the presence of family specific conserved consensus sequences. Functional study of these novel tRNA and family specific conserved consensus sequences will be crucial to decipher their importance in biological events. The rate of transition of O. sativa tRNA was found to be higher than the rate of transversion. Evolutionary study revealed, O. sativa tRNAs were evolved from the lineages of multiple common ancestors. Duplication and loss study of tRNAs genes revealed, majority of the O. sativa tRNA were duplicated and 17 of them were found to be undergone loss during the evolution. Orthology and paralogy study showed, the majority of O. sativa tRNA were paralogous and only a few of tRNASer were found to contain orthologous tRNAs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyses of Genomic tRNA Reveal Presence of Novel tRNAs in Oryza sativa

Mohanta

Bae

2017

Front. Genet.

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“…CCA tail addition is catalyzed by enzymes belonging to the nucleotidyltransferase superfamily . Unlike polyadenylation, CCA addition is associated with clear specific functions: in addition to being central to tRNA maturation, a double CCA tail can be added to unstable tRNA species to target them for degradation (Figure ). In addition to the processes of RNA cleavage, RNA polyadenylation and CCA tail addition, numerous specific and nonspecific posttranscriptional modification must take place during RNA maturation.…”

Section: Rna Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of mammalian mitochondrial transcription

2019

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Numerous age‐related human diseases have been associated with deficiencies in cellular energy production. Moreover, genetic alterations resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction are the cause of inheritable disorders commonly known as mitochondrial diseases. Many of these deficiencies have been directly or indirectly linked to deficits in mitochondrial gene expression. Transcription is an essential step in gene expression and elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved in this process is critical for understanding defects in energy production. For the past five decades, substantial efforts have been invested in the field of mitochondrial transcription. These efforts have led to the discovery of the main protein factors responsible for transcription as well as to a basic mechanistic understanding of the transcription process. They have also revealed various mechanisms of transcriptional regulation as well as the links that exist between the transcription process and downstream processes of RNA maturation. Here, we review the knowledge gathered in early mitochondrial transcription studies and focus on recent findings that shape our current understanding of mitochondrial transcription, posttranscriptional processing, as well as transcriptional regulation in mammalian systems.

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“…In these organisms, the original eukaryotic gene was not replaced and still exists in parallel with the alphaproteobacterial-like version [8]. In addition, representatives of the group of Fungi (e.g., Schizosaccharomyces pombe) also possess two versions of nucleotidyltransferases [35][36][37][38]. However, they are both of ancestral eukaryotic (e-type) origin [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergent Evolution of Eukaryotic CC- and A-Adding Enzymes

Erber

Franz

Betat

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Synthesis of the CCA end of essential tRNAs is performed either by CCA-adding enzymes or as a collaboration between enzymes restricted to CC- and A-incorporation. While the occurrence of such tRNA nucleotidyltransferases with partial activities seemed to be restricted to Bacteria, the first example of such split CCA-adding activities was reported in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Here, we demonstrate that the choanoflagellate Salpingoeca rosetta also carries CC- and A-adding enzymes. However, these enzymes have distinct evolutionary origins. Furthermore, the restricted activity of the eukaryotic CC-adding enzymes has evolved in a different way compared to their bacterial counterparts. Yet, the molecular basis is very similar, as highly conserved positions within a catalytically important flexible loop region are missing in the CC-adding enzymes. For both the CC-adding enzymes from S. rosetta as well as S. pombe, introduction of the loop elements from closely related enzymes with full activity was able to restore CCA-addition, corroborating the significance of this loop in the evolution of bacterial as well as eukaryotic tRNA nucleotidyltransferases. Our data demonstrate that partial CC- and A-adding activities in Bacteria and Eukaryotes are based on the same mechanistic principles but, surprisingly, originate from different evolutionary events.

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The CCA‐adding enzyme: A central scrutinizer in tRNA quality control

Cited by 39 publications

References 61 publications

Analyses of Genomic tRNA Reveal Presence of Novel tRNAs in Oryza sativa

Analyses of Genomic tRNA Reveal Presence of Novel tRNAs in Oryza sativa

Mechanisms of mammalian mitochondrial transcription

Divergent Evolution of Eukaryotic CC- and A-Adding Enzymes

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