The Causal Organisation of Emotional Knowledge: A Developmental Study

Stein, Nancy L.; Levine, Linda J.

doi:10.1080/02699938908412712

Cited by 159 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…To ensure that the youngest group would fully understand the emotion concepts involved, we restricted ourselves to the four basic emotions happiness, anger, sadness and fear (Barden et al, 1980). Moreover, anger and sadness are both plausible reactions to one and the same scenario, because a situation can arouse anger in one person and sadness in the other, depending on whether one concentrates on the cause of the negative outcome or on the negative consequences (Stein and Levine, 1989). These two emotions were therefore placed in one emotion-cluster.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children's understanding of mental states as causes of emotions

Rieffe

Terwogt

Cowan

2005

Infant and Child Development

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Theory of mind studies of emotion usually focus on children's ability to predict other people's feelings. This study examined children's spontaneous references to mental states in explaining others' emotions. Children (4-, 6-and 10-year-olds, n¼122) were told stories and asked to explain both typical and atypical emotional reactions of characters. Because atypical emotional reactions are unexpected, we hypothesized that children would be more likely to refer to mental states, such as desires and beliefs, in explaining them than when explaining typical emotions. From the development of lay theories of emotion, derived the prediction that older children would refer more often to mental states than younger children. The developmental shift from a desire-psychology to a belief-psychology led to the expectation that references to desires would increase at an earlier age than references to beliefs. Our findings confirmed these expectations only partly, because the nature of the emotion (happiness, anger, sadness or fear) interacted with these factors. Whereas anger, happiness and sadness mainly evoked desire references, fear evoked more belief references, even in 4-yearolds. The fact that other factors besides age can also play an influential role in children's mental state reasoning is discussed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children's understanding of mental states as causes of emotions

Rieffe

Terwogt

Cowan

2005

Infant and Child Development

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We adopt the perspective of Berkowitz (1990), who argues that aggression is multiply determined, and that there exist several factors that can make anger and aggression more or less likely to occur. Specifically, he suggests that aggressive behavior can result not only from negative affect (e.g., anger) or perceived safety threat (Stein and Levine 1989), but also from situational cues that highlight linkages associated with violent behavior. A review of more recent work suggests that scarce environments -specifically, we would argue, ones with cues of competitive threat within them -may in fact foster an aggressive association and facilitate violent action.…”

Section: Conceptual Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dark Side of Scarcity Promotions: How Exposure to Limited-Quantity Promotions Can Induce Aggression

et al. 2016

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“…For example, Stein and Levine (1989) showed that when adults and 3-and 6-year-old children predicted protagonists' emotional responses to different types of events, their predictions varied according to whether or not a goal was achieved. That is, when participants were asked to explain why the protagonist would feel the emotion they predicted, they associated the emotion with achievement of a goal.…”

Section: Protagonists' and Readers' Emotionsmentioning

confidence: 99%