THE CATHODE-ELECTROLYTE INTERFACE IN A <font>Li</font>-ION BATTERY

Edström, Kristina; Gustafsson, Torbjörn; Thomas, Josh

doi:10.1142/9781860946448_0008

Cited by 644 publications

(52 citation statements)

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“…This could make the material more prone to dissolution as no protective surface layer is formed in aqueous solutions. This is in contrast to the behaviour in organic electrolytes where a surface stabilization layer of decomposition products is formed at the electrode/electrolyte interface upon cycling [21,22].…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 61%

Effect of the electrode potential on the surface composition and crystal structure of LiMn2O4 in aqueous solutions

Marchini

Calvo

Williams

2018

Electrochimica Acta

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 61%

Effect of the electrode potential on the surface composition and crystal structure of LiMn2O4 in aqueous solutions

Marchini

Calvo

Williams

2018

Electrochimica Acta

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“…Aside presenting only raw data sets and solely assigning expected oxidation states, simplifying approaches such as reducing the complex multiplet splitting to single Voigt peak shapes are often used, which, in consequence, could lead at least to uncertainties in the quantitative chemical information. To the best of our knowledge, only a few groups apply complex multiplet fitting procedures during XPS characterization of LIB active materials …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface analytical approaches to reliably characterize lithium ion battery electrodes

Azmi

Trouillet

Strafela

et al. 2017

Surface & Interface Analysis

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Active Li-ion battery materials are typically characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy when regarding chemical state elucidation. This work presents a multiplet-splitting approach comprising in minimum 3 third-row transition metals, namely, Mn, Co, and Ni, to improve the results in comparison to peak barycenter or single symmetric Voigt profile approaches. The achieved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 2p templates in particular address the complex peak structures consisting of significant photoelectron multiplet splitting, shake-up and plasmon loss features, and additional Auger and photoelectron overlaps, inevitable also for a reliable quantification. To separate from topography effects and contributions of the electrode's binder and conductive carbon in powder electrodes, the developed procedure in a first attempt was successfully transferred to novel radio frequency magnetron sputtered Li-Ni-Co-Mn-O thin films, designed for all-solid-state Li-ion batteries. In all cases, special care was taken with respect to air sensitivity, contamination during sample handling, and probable method induced sample decomposition. Composition and origin of the anode's surface electrolyte interphase are rather complicated, and therefore, XPS and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry results are still controversially discussed. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] However, in the case of the first-row transition metals, which are commonly used in LIB's cathodes, the analytical potential of XPS is not widely used in its entirety. Obviously, the major reason for this fact is mainly due to the complex multiplet splitting, peak overlaps, and additional shake-up and plasmon features in the respective 2p XP spectra, although fundamental studies are available mainly by the work of Biesinger et al, 12 who considered a semiempirical approach combining the analysis of high purity oxide/hydroxide reference samples and theoretically calculated free-ion multiplet structures of core 2p vacancy levels by Gupta and Sen. 13 Aside presenting only raw data sets and solely assigning expected oxidation states, [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] simplifying approaches such as reducing the complex multiplet splitting to single Voigt peak shapes are often used, which, in consequence, could lead at least to uncertainties in the quantitative chemical information. 17,[21][22][23][24] To the best of our knowledge, only a few groups apply complex multiplet fitting procedures during XPS characterization of LIB active materials. 25,26

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“…Lithium ion batteries mainly consist of the positive electrodes (metal oxides powders coated on aluminum foil), the negative electrodes (carbon powders coated on copper foil), polymer binders, electrolytes, and separators. The metal oxides in positive electrodes could be LiCoO2, LiMn2O4, LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2, LiFePO4, etc., depending on the styles and applications of lithium ion batteries [8][9][10][11][12][13] . Such oxides materials can have one of three structure types: an ordered rock salt-type structure, a spinel-type structure, or an olivine-type structure 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reuse of Ni-Co-Mn oxides from spent Li-ion batteries to prepare bifunctional air electrodes

Wei

Zhao

et al. 2018

Resources, Conservation and Recycling

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Spent lithium ion batteries (SLIB) are potential environmental hazards and if not recycled waste natural resources. We demonstrate for the first time a process to directly reuse Ni-Co-Mn oxides from SLIBs to prepare air electrodes based on a simple thermal treatment method. The effects of heating temperature and duration on the properties of Ni-Co-Mn oxides using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction is described. The Ni-Co-Mn oxide materials were found to be mainly LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2, with the α-NaFeO2-type structure (PDF file: 01-075-9200). After heat treatment at 600 o C, the Ni-Co-Mn oxides exhibited the spinel structure (PDF file: 00-048-0261). Electrochemical tests revealed that the Ni-Co-Mn oxides heat-treated at 600 o C for 300 minutes, exhibited remarkable bifunctional catalytic activities towards the oxygen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions in aqueous KOH electrolyte. The electron transfer number on Ni-Co-Mn oxide electrode for oxygen reduction was about 3.6. When these Ni-Co-Mn oxide powders were applied in an air battery, the energy efficiency was 75 % at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 , at room temperature.

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THE CATHODE-ELECTROLYTE INTERFACE IN A Li-ION BATTERY

Cited by 644 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of the electrode potential on the surface composition and crystal structure of LiMn2O4 in aqueous solutions

Effect of the electrode potential on the surface composition and crystal structure of LiMn2O4 in aqueous solutions

Surface analytical approaches to reliably characterize lithium ion battery electrodes

Reuse of Ni-Co-Mn oxides from spent Li-ion batteries to prepare bifunctional air electrodes

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