Effect of the electrode potential on the surface composition and crystal structure of LiMn2O4 in aqueous solutions

Marchini, Florencia; Calvo, Ernesto J.; Williams, Federico J.

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2018.02.108

Cited by 42 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In subsequent articles Marchini et al corroborated the findings of Kanoh et al: LMO, prepared by deep coating onto Pt sheet, does not intercalate Na + . [ 105 ] They confirmed by XPS of LMO electrodes cycled 55 times the absence of a solid electrolyte interphase as well as the low dissolution of Mn in the electrolyte, just 0.17% of the initial amount. Since upon the reduction of a LMO electrode in 0.1 m NaCl electrolyte by applying 0.6 V for 1 h, Li + was absent, the authors concluded that the appearance of Na cations on the surfaces is accompanied by the appearance of Mn (III) due to the electrochemical reduction of the surface given by the applied potential.…”

Section: Intercalation Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Silicates and alkaline earth metal ions are commonly founded in brine solution, [ 16 ] their effect in the recovery process has not been reevaluated since these pioneering works of Kanoh et al in the early 1990s. The possible inhibition of Li + capturing by Na + , a main component of brine lakes, has been recently evaluated by Calvo et al [ 49,104,105 ] and Palagonia et al [ 106 ] In their first study they analyzed the surface chemistry of a LiMn 2 O 4 thin film prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD).…”

Section: Intercalation Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Methods for Lithium Recovery: A Comprehensive and Critical Review

et al. 2020

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Due to the ubiquitous presence of lithium‐ion batteries in portable applications, and their implementation in the transportation and large‐scale energy sectors, the future cost and availability of lithium is currently under debate. Lithium demand is expected to grow in the near future, up to 900 ktons per year in 2025. Lithium utilization would depend on a strong increase in production. However, the currently most extended lithium extraction method, the lime‐soda evaporation process, requires a period of time in the range of 1–2 years and depends on weather conditions. The actual global production of lithium by this technology will soon be far exceeded by market demand. Alternative production methods have recently attracted great attention. Among them, electrochemical lithium recovery, based on electrochemical ion‐pumping technology, offers higher capacity production, it does not require the use of chemicals for the regeneration of the materials, reduces the consumption of water and the production of chemical wastes, and allows the production rate to be controlled, attending to the market demand. Here, this technology is analyzed with a special focus on the methodology, materials employed, and reactor designs. The state‐of‐the‐art is reevaluated from a critical perspective and the viability of the different proposed methodologies analyzed.

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Section: Intercalation Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Intercalation Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Methods for Lithium Recovery: A Comprehensive and Critical Review

et al. 2020

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“…As a variety of lithium ion battery cathode material, spinel LiMn 2 O 4 is one of the most promising candidates because of its low cost, low toxicity, and environmental friendliness. [1][2][3][4][5] However, its low charge transfer rate and slow Li + diffusion ability result in poor rate performance, [6][7][8] which seriously restricts the application of this material in hybrid electric vehicles. To the best of our knowledge, the rate performance is closely related to the charge transfer rate, and the charge transfer rate is limited by the diffusion of Li + in the material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of LiMn₂O₄ microcubes and spheres via the control of the (104) crystal planes of MnCO₃ for high rate Li-ions batteries

Gao

Wang

et al. 2019

RSC Adv.

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“…However, the weakness of this material is a less stable cyclic behavior. Therefore efforts to improve the current cycle behavior are mostly done by increasing the composition of the spinel structure and modifying its particle surface [4], where these two crucial things depend heavily on the synthesis method used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FORMATION OF SPINEL STRUCTURE IN SYNTHESIS PROCESS OF Li1.37Mn2O4 USING HYDROTHERMAL METHOD

Purawiardi

Wigayati

2018

jsmi

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FORMATION OF SPINEL STRUCTURE IN SYNTHESIS PROCESS OF Li1.37Mn2O4 USING HYDROTHERMAL METHOD. Li1.37Mn2O4 is one form of Li1+xMn2O4 which is engineered from LiMn2O4 phase which is commonly used as a lithium cathode active ingredient. The crucial thing from Li1.37Mn2O4 synthesis is the spinel structure that is formed. This study aims to observe when the spinel structure of Li1.37Mn2O4 starts and when the transformation from a tetragonal structure into spinel occurs. The raw materials used are tetragonal LiOH and tetragonal MnO2. The synthesis was carried out using a hydrothermal method with a temperature of 200 oC with a variation of holding times of 50, 70, 90 and 110 hours. Observation of spinel structure was carried out using XRD and TEM. The results obtained were at the holding times of 50 and 70 hours, the spinel structure had not been formed. The spinel structure begins to form at 90 hours holding time which also indicates that the transformation from the tetragonal structure to spinel occurs at such holding time. The result of a 90-hour holding time is a regular spinel structure but there are still many Mn and Mn-O –based impurities. While the results of the 110-hour holding time produce a perfect yet irregular transformation of the spinel structure.

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Effect of the electrode potential on the surface composition and crystal structure of LiMn2O4 in aqueous solutions

Cited by 42 publications

References 45 publications

Electrochemical Methods for Lithium Recovery: A Comprehensive and Critical Review

Electrochemical Methods for Lithium Recovery: A Comprehensive and Critical Review

Construction of LiMn₂O₄ microcubes and spheres via the control of the (104) crystal planes of MnCO₃ for high rate Li-ions batteries

FORMATION OF SPINEL STRUCTURE IN SYNTHESIS PROCESS OF Li1.37Mn2O4 USING HYDROTHERMAL METHOD

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Effect of the electrode potential on the surface composition and crystal structure of LiMn2O4 in aqueous solutions

Cited by 42 publications

References 45 publications

Electrochemical Methods for Lithium Recovery: A Comprehensive and Critical Review

Electrochemical Methods for Lithium Recovery: A Comprehensive and Critical Review

Construction of LiMn2O4 microcubes and spheres via the control of the (104) crystal planes of MnCO3 for high rate Li-ions batteries

FORMATION OF SPINEL STRUCTURE IN SYNTHESIS PROCESS OF Li1.37Mn2O4 USING HYDROTHERMAL METHOD

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Construction of LiMn₂O₄ microcubes and spheres via the control of the (104) crystal planes of MnCO₃ for high rate Li-ions batteries